Research on disaster caused by evolution of large karst caves in the upper part of an operating high-speed railway tunnel and its disposal scheme
WANG Lichuan1,2, MA Xiangfeng2, WANG Huawu3, YANG Ling4, YAO Yunxiao5, GONG Lun2*, WANG Qiu6, LIU Ziqi7, FAN Yongjie1, ZHOU Baoan1
1. China Railway Chengdu Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610082, Sichuan, China; 2. School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University/Key Laboratory of Traffic Tunnel Engineering, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610031, Sichuan, China; 3. China Railway Kunming Bureau Group Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, Yunnan, China; 4. China Railway Beijing Engineering Bureau Group, Beijing 102308, China; 5. Yuqian Railway Co., Ltd., Chongqing 404100, China; 6. Chongqing Survey and Design Research Institute Co., Ltd., China Railway Second Institute, Chongqing 400023, China; 7. Karst Research Institute, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, Guizhou, China
Abstract: This paper was based on the engineering practice of a large karst cave(this cave was revealed during the construction period)in the upper part of a high-speed railway tunnel in June 2019. The main situation of revealing karst cave and its change countermeasures, disasters and emergency measures during the operation period was introduced, and the mechanism of karst cave evolution disaster was analyzed through the inspection of each stage during investigation, design and construction. A consultation scheme combining “arch protection + strong blocking + reserved drainage + consolidation and lightweight compact backfilling” was put forward, which was on the basis of pointing out the shortcomings of the two drainage tunnel renovation schemes. The feasibility, working conditions, construction period, investment, risks, environmental impact and effect prediction was compared with the drainage tunnel scheme. A three-dimensional mode was established by FLAC3D to check the safety of tunnel. The research results were as follows: The karst cave with filling type was changed into water-filled and water-flowing type due to the construction tunnel. And water flowed into the karst cave by the type of runoff, which was formed by the dissolution gap, dissolution tank, pipeline between the surface and the karst cave during seasonal heavy rainfall. The disaster was formed by sediment entering the tunnel with the karst cave water-filled and water-flowing; the runoff field hydraulic channel was formed by the medium between the karst cave and the tunnel under the action of seasonal karst cave water-filled and water-flowing or even short-term pressure. The consultation scheme of “arch protection + strong blocking + reserved drainage + consolidation and lightweight compact backfilling” had significant advantages over the drainage tunnel scheme in terms of environmental protection, investment control, construction period and construction risks. It would necessarily lead to the evolution of disasters within a certain period of time after the completion of tunnel, by taking groundwater observation and water quantity estimation during the construction period as the basis for disposal of large karst caves and ignoring the induced evolution prediction of groundwater force field caused by engineering activities. So the disaster was appeared only after one and a half years of operation because of failure to maintain and construct the artificial drainage channel of groundwater with maintenance function. In addition, it was suggested that special measures of unit separation water prevention and drainage should be implemented for water-rich sections or potential water-rich sections when new tunnels were built.
王立川,马相峰,王化武,杨玲,姚云晓,龚伦, 王秋,刘子琦,樊永杰,周保安. 某运营高铁隧道上部大型溶洞演化致灾与处置方案研究[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2020, 2(1): 20-33.
WANG Lichuan, MA Xiangfeng, WANG Huawu, YANG Ling, YAO Yunxiao, GONG Lun, WANG Qiu, LIU Ziqi, FAN Yongjie, ZHOU Baoan. Research on disaster caused by evolution of large karst caves in the upper part of an operating high-speed railway tunnel and its disposal scheme. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2(1): 20-33.
[1] 国家铁路局.铁路隧道设计规范:TB10003—2016/2005[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2016/2005. [2] 张建国.鸡口山岩溶隧道处治方法适用性模拟对比分析[J].隧道建设,2014,34(8):731-736. ZHANG Jianguo. Simulation and comparative analysis on applicability of treatment methods for Jikoushan karst tunnel[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2014, 34(8): 731-736. [3] 杨永贵,马鹿箐.隧道富水半充填溶洞综合治理技术[J].国防交通工程与技术,2015,13(增刊1):74-76. YANG Yonggui, MA Lujing.Comprehensive treatment technology of water-rich and semi-filled karst cave in tunnel[J]. Traffic Engineering and Technology for National Defence, 2015, 13(Suppl.1): 74-76. [4] 潘东东,李术才,许振浩,等.岩溶隧道承压隐伏溶洞突水模型试验与数值分析[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(5):828-836. PAN Dongdong, LI Shucai, XU Zhenhao, et al. Model test and numerical analysis of water inrush from buried karst cave under pressure in karst tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2018, 40(5): 828-836. [5] 管鸿浩.充水溶洞隧道围岩位移特征及影响因素研究[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(8):59-65. GUAN Honghao. Study on surrounding rock displacement characteristics and influencing factors of water-filled karst cave tunnel[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2016, 33(8): 59-65. [6] 李元海,杨苏,喻军,等.大型溶洞对隧道开挖稳定性的影响分析[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(4):52-60. LI Yuanhai, YANG Su, YU Jun, et al. Analysis of influence of large karst cave on tunnel excavation stability[J]. Modern Tunneling Technology, 2016, 53(4):52-60. [7] 钟世航,王荣,王泽峰.贵广高铁14座隧道下方溶洞的探查[J].地下空间与工程学报,2016,12(增刊2):811-814. ZHONG Shihang, WANG Rong, WANG Zefeng. Exploration of karst cave under 14 tunnels of Guiyang-Guangzhou High-speed Railway[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2016, 12(Suppl.2):811-814. [8] 王少辉,陈兆,蒋冲,等.特大型溶洞隧道综合处治方案及施工技术[J].隧道建设,2017,37(6):748-752. WANG Shaohui, CHEN Zhao, JIANG Chong, et al. Comprehensive treatment scheme and construction technology for super large karst cave tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction, 2017, 37(6): 748-752. [9] 赵玉龙.宜万铁路下村坝隧道大型半充填溶洞处理技术[J].铁道标准设计,2014,58(6):111-115. ZHAO Yulong. Treatment technology of large semi-filled karst cave in Xiacunba Tunnel of Yiwan Railway[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2014, 58(6): 111-115. [10] 肖了林.中梁山隧道右线溶洞处理[J].公路,1994(9):47-48. XIAO Liaolin. Treatment of carst cave on right line of Zhongliangshan Tunnel[J]. Highway, 1994(9): 47-48. [11] 张德和.隧道穿越溶洞堆积物的设计与施工[J].铁道工程学报,1999(2):48-53. ZHANG Dehe. Design and construction of tunnel crossing karst cave deposits[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 1999(2): 48-53. [12] 陈鹏飞.桩基托梁跨越隧道溶洞施工技术[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2006(增刊1):211-212. CHEN Pengfei. Construction technology of pile foundation supporting beam crossing tunnel carst cave[J]. Journal of Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, 2006(Suppl.1): 211-212. [13] 王刚,王立川,仇文革,等.关于季节性岩溶管道流对某快速铁路隧道衬砌破坏的分析与思考[J].现代隧道技术,2016,53(6):210-218. WANG Gang, WANG Lichuan, QIU Wenge, et al. Analysis and considerations of an express railway tunnel lining failure by seasonal karst conduct flow[J]. Modern Tunneling Technology, 2016, 53(6):210-218. [14] 郑波,王立川,吴剑,等. 铁路高压富水隧道水害的预防与整治对策及其工程应用[R].成都: 中铁科学研究院有限公司,2019. ZHENG Bo, WANG Lichuan, WU Jian, et al. Prevention and treatment measures of water disaster in railway high pressure water-rich tunnel and its engineering application [R]. Chengdu: China Railway Research Institute Co., Ltd., 2019. [15] 张彦龙,田卿燕,张建同.广东地区某公路岩溶隧道水害分析及其数值模拟研究[J].中国岩溶,2018,37(2):307-313. ZHANG Yanlong, TIAN Qingyan, ZHANG Jiantong. Water disaster analysis and numerical simulation of a highway karst tunnel in Guangdong[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2018, 37(2):307-313. [16] 朱明杰.仙人溪隧道岩溶水害原因分析及整治措施[J].资源环境与工程,2007(4):428-430. ZHU Mingjie. Cause analysis and treatment measures of karst water disaster in Xianrenxi Tunnel[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering, 2007(4):428-430. [17] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路工程地质勘察规范:TB10012—2007[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007. [18] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路工程物理勘探规范:TB10013—2010/2004[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2010/2004. [19] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路工程不良地质勘察规程:TB10027—2012/2001[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2012/2001. [20] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路工程地质勘察规范:TB10012—2019[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2019. [21] 钟世航,孙宏志,王荣,等.陆地声纳法在隧道施工地质预报方面的进展及应用[J].公路隧道,2016(3):26-34. ZHONG Shihang, SUN Hongzhi, WANG Rong, et al. Progress and application of land sonar method in geological forecast of tunnel construction[J]. Highway Tunnel, 2016(3):26-34. [22] 张磊,张光省,范氏娴,等.基于陆地声呐法的岩溶地质精准探测[J].现代交通技术,2019,16(4):28-32. ZHANG Lei, ZHANG Guangsheng, FAN Shixian, et al. Accurate detection of carst geology based on land sonar method[J]. Modern Tunneling Technology, 2019, 16(4):28-32. [23] 钟世航,孙宏志,王荣.陆地声纳法[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,2012. [24] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道超前地质预报技术指南:铁建设[2008] 105号[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2008. [25] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道工程施工技术指南:TZ204-2008[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009. [26] 龚伦,仇文革,王立川,等.运营铁路隧道衬砌背后较大空洞的精确检测技术[J].隧道建设,2016,36(12):1507-1511. GONG Lun, QIU Wenge, WANG Lichuan, et al. Accurate detection technology for large hollows behind linings of operating railway tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction, 2016, 36(12): 1507-1511. [27] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道风险评估与管理暂行规定:铁建设[2007] 200号[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2007. [28] 中华人民共和国铁道部.铁路隧道工程施工安全技术规程:TB10304—2009[S].北京:中国铁道出版社,2009. [29] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.风险管理风险评估技术:GB/T27921—2011[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2012. [30] 龚伦,马相峰,孔超,等.桥梁桩基近接既有隧道的数值模拟分析[J].铁道标准设计,2018,62(12):125-130. GONG Lun, MA Xiangfeng, KONG Chao, et al. Numerical simulation analysis of bridge pile foundation approaching to existing tunnel[J]. Railway Standard Design, 2018, 62(12): 125-130.
2020, Vol. 2 
