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Progress and prospect of experimental research on the mechanism of rockburst prevention and control by drilling pressure relief
The paper reviewed the experimental research progress of prefabricated drilling and high stress real-time drilling in analyzing the mechanism of drilling pressure relief(DPR)for preventing rockburst disasters from the perspectives of macroscopic(mechanical behavior characteristics, failure characteristics, energy evolution)and microscopic(crack evolution), a. . .
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2023 Vol. 5 (2): 1-23    DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2023.02.01
 
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  20 March 2025, Volume 7 Issue 1 Previous Issue   
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researchs
Exploration of rescue evacuation and ventilation technology for deep buried combined construction method subsea railway tunnel   Collect
WANG Dongwei, HE Weiguo, DAI Xin, TIAN Feng, CHEN Yang
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 1-10.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.01
Abstract ( 155 )     PDF (10391KB) ( 134 )  
In order to explore the problems of rescue evacuation and mechanical ventilation in the long-distance, large longitudinal slope and joint conversion of railway tunnels, taking the deep-burned and long-distance combination of railway tunnels-Zhujiangkou Tunnel as an example, the evacuation simulation software Pathfinder was used to simulate the evacuation time in the accident situation of the shield section, mining section and open-dig section of the Zhujiangkou Railway Tunnel, and at the same time, the corresponding rescue evacuation path and mechanical ventilation measures were formulated based on the calculation results. The research results indicated that among the three different construction methods, the shield tunnel section had the weakest capacity for evacuation, and the difficulty of personnel evacuation was relatively high. Evacuation could be carried out simultaneously through the track level rescue channel and the underground evacuation corridor; The inclined shaft in the mining section had the strongest evacuation ability as an emergency exit. Therefore, this project combined the characteristics of each section of the tunnel construction method and adopted a zoning rescue and evacuation method to shorten the tunnel and evacuate from multiple points. According to the calculation results of evacuation time, the necessary safe evacuation time for non fixed point evacuation inside the tunnel was greater than the available safe evacuation time, which could not meet the requirements for evacuation of personnel on fire trains. In case of tunnel fire, the train should be towed outside the tunnel for evacuation and rescue, and only the evacuation and rescue requirements for personnel under train fault conditions were considered inside the tunnel. Emergency exits and shelters were designed for ventilation according to train fault conditions. The ventilation of the evacuation corridor in the shield tunnel section adopted a mechanical air supply method at both ends, and the air supply volume was calculated based on the door opening wind speed method to meet the needs of fresh air for personnel evacuation. Based on the characteristics of crowd evacuation, measures were taken to open 4+1 protective doors near the end of the accident train to overcome the problem of air supply in long-distance evacuation channels. The research results can provide certain reference and ideas for the ventilation design of construction method combined railway tunnels under evacuation and accident conditions.
The best supporting time of hydraulic tunnels based on multiple monitoring information   Collect
XIAO Peiwei, YANG Xingguo, QIAN Hongjian, WANG Haofan, LI Biao, XU Nuwen
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 11-21.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.02
Abstract ( 146 )     PDF (14420KB) ( 108 )  
To scientifically determine the timing of hydraulic tunnel support under complex geological conditions in the southwestern region, the diversion tunnel of Xulong Hydropower Station was selected as the research object. Three-dimensional laser scanning, acoustic wave testing, and microseismic monitoring technologies were integrated into a collaborative analysis method for surface deformation, shallow damage, and internal fractures. Through continuous spatiotemporal monitoring, the time-dependent deformation characteristics of surrounding rock, evolution patterns of wave velocity fields, and spatiotemporal distribution modes of microfractures were systematically tracked. Monitoring data revealed that significant deformation of surrounding rock, wave velocity variations, and microseismic activities were observed during the initial stage. These parameters gradually stabilized 11 days after excavation. During this period, the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock was maximized, serving as the basis for optimal support timing. Engineering practice verified that the self-supporting capacity of Class II surrounding rock was fully utilized when supports were implemented 11 days post-excavation. This finding provides important references for determining support timing in similar projects.
Influence mechanism of large diameter tunnel construction on adjacent buildings   Collect
DING Jianqi, WANG Chencheng, ZHU Xiangshan, ZHANG Xiang, FU Gang, XU Jingmin
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 22-34.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.03
Abstract ( 132 )     PDF (13795KB) ( 118 )  
This research was based on the actual working conditions of buildings in the Jiangnan section crossed by the Shangyuanmen Cross River Tunnel. A three-dimensional numerical simulation finite element model was established to simulate the gradual formation loss process after tunnel construction through displacement control method. After the simulation was completed, the settlement and horizontal displacement of the soil and frame structure, as well as the displacement and strain of each compartment of the frame structure, were extracted to analyze the displacement and strain distribution and development law of the frame structure caused by large-diameter tunnel construction. The research results showed that the settlement of the foundation of building frame structural plates decreased with increasing distance from the tunnel axis, while the horizontal displacement remained approximately at a stable value, which was smaller than the horizontal displacement of the underlying strata; The horizontal displacement distribution law of the frame structure was related to the tunnel crossing relationship. The horizontal displacement of the upper part of the building directly penetrated by the tunnel was smaller than that of the lower part, and the horizontal displacement of the upper part of the building laterally penetrated by the tunnel was larger than that of the lower part. However, the settlement of the frame structure changed relatively little in the vertical direction; The total vertical displacements of frame structure compartments increased with the increase of tunnel volume loss rate, and was mainly composed of shear displacement; The shear strain also increased with the increase of the volume loss rate of the tunnel, and the shear strain of buildings that were penetrated by the tunnel or buildings that were close to the tunnel were generally larger. At the same time, for multi compartment penetrating buildings, the shear strain along the compartment variation curve approximated a sine cosine curve.
The influence of foundation pit excavation on the surrounding soil pressure and deformation of existing shield tunnel in Xi'an loess stratum   Collect
LI Zhang, BAI Sen, ZHENG Jianguo, YU Yongtang, ZHU Caihui
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 35-47.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.04
Abstract ( 127 )     PDF (8288KB) ( 58 )  
In order to improve the safety of subway tunnel operation and provide a design basis for the planning of adjacent foundation pits, the deformation characteristics of existing subway segments and the surrounding soil pressure distribution under excavation unloading at different spatial locations were studied using a similar model test method based on Line 9 in the collapsible loess stratum in Xi'an. The influence zones of tunnel convergence displacement under the horizontal net distance between the foundation pit and the tunnel, the width, and the depth of the foundation pit were analyzed, and a modified formula of surrounding soil pressure was proposed. The results showed that the surrounding soil pressure of the shield tunnel exhibited a gourd-shaped symmetrical distribution before the excavation of the side foundation pit, with higher earth pressure at the top and bottom of the shield tunnel and lower pressure at the waist. After the excavation of the side foundation pit, the surrounding soil pressure on both sides of the tunnel decreased, with a more pronounced reduction on the excavation side. As the width and depth of the foundation pit increased and the horizontal net distance decreased, the absolute value of the additional surrounding soil pressure increased, and the deformation mode shifted to "lateral expansion and vertical contraction". After the excavation of the foundation pit directly above the tunnel, the overall surrounding soil pressure decreased significantly but retained a symmetrical distribution. With increasing width and depth of the foundation pit, the horizontal and vertical convergence deformation of the tunnel gradually diminished, approaching zero before transitioning to a "lateral contraction and vertical expansion" mode.
The lightweight object detection algorithm for obstacles in tunnel construction environments   Collect
WU Jiangtao, LI Yingjie
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 48-56.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.05
Abstract ( 136 )     PDF (7793KB) ( 66 )  
Due to the frequent accidents at the tunnel construction site, using robots instead of manual safety inspections can effectively protect the safety of staff. However, most of the robots in this field currently require manual control and lack autonomous obstacle avoidance capabilities. Aiming at the obstacle detection method in tunnel construction environment, a lightweight model using improved YOLOv5 for obstacle detection was proposed. Firstly, the obstacle dataset in the tunnel scenario was constructed. Secondly, the backbone network was modified to a lightweight Shufflenet v2 network, and the activation function was modified to the SiLU function to improve the detection speed and reduce the amount of computation. Next, the coordinate attention mechanism was incorporated to improve the network's ability to learn and represent features. Finally, the neck convolution block was modified to GSConv, which reduced the calculation amount of the model and improved the detection accuracy of the algorithm. Comparative experiments on the dataset constructed in this research showed that the detection speed of the proposed method was increased by approximately 57% compared to the original YOLOv5-n algorithm, which reduced the hardware requirements of the model.
Prediction method for mining-induced deformation in coal mine roadways based on Bayesian updating   Collect
ZHANG Bin, JIA Haibin, LI Atao, WANG Huaiyuan, CHEN Yuchuan, YU Wanquan, QIN Changkun
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 57-67.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.06
Abstract ( 98 )     PDF (7574KB) ( 95 )  
Mining roadways were found to be susceptible to severe roof subsidence, large deformation, and structural failure under intense mining-induced disturbances. Accurately predicting deformation trends was considered crucial for ensuring mine safety and achieving effective surrounding rock control. Based on deformation monitoring data from mining faces at the Xin Julong Coal Mine, the deformation evolution characteristics of mining roadways were analyzed, and an empirical prediction model suitable for coal mining roadways was proposed. Considering that traditional empirical models were limited in capturing dynamic deformation behavior and parameter uncertainties, a Bayesian updating algorithm was introduced to construct a dynamically updated prediction model. By continuously adjusting the posterior distribution of model parameters with real-time monitoring data, prediction accuracy was improved, and uncertainty was reduced. Model validation was performed using monitoring data from working faces 6305 and 2305 of Xin Julong Coal Mine. It was indicated that, as data accumulated and Bayesian updating iterations proceeded, posterior parameter estimated stabilized, significantly enhancing prediction accuracy. The final predicted deformation values were found to closely match measured values, with determination coefficients(R2)exceeding 0.98 and root mean square errors(RMSE)significantly reduced. Additionally, extended validation was conducted using monitoring data from another coal mine's working face, further confirming the generalization capability and applicability of the proposed method under different geological conditions. The Bayesian updating prediction approach proposed in this research was demonstrated to effectively addresses the dynamic variations and parameter uncertainties in surrounding rock deformation, providing reliable data support for surrounding rock stability control in coal mine roadways.
Numerical simulation of radar characteristics of adverse geological structures in tunnels   Collect
GOU Xiaojun, ZHAO Jinquan, JI Wei, HUA Xiaoming, FAN Zhanfeng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 68-82.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.07
Abstract ( 147 )     PDF (47294KB) ( 96 )  
In order to accurately identify the unfavorable geological structures in tunnels through advanced geological prediction, three typical unfavorable geological structures in tunnels, namely karst, fault fracture zone and soft interlayer, were summarized. According to the combination of media, they were classified into 2 types and 4 structural models of karst, 2 types and 4 structural models of fault fracture zone, and 1 type and 3 structural models of soft interlayer. The self-compiled Python program was used for automatic modeling to establish three types of unfavorable geological structures, namely random multi-media coupling karst voids, fault fracture zones and weak interlayers. The Python program automatically called GprMax to numerically simulate the radar characteristics of the three types of unfavorable geological bodies. The results showed that the electromagnetic waves generated by the geological radar would produce secondary pseudo-geological anomalies in water; in the model where water was mixed with other media, weak reflections would appear in the area without anomalies; the karst cave presented the characteristics of "quadratic curve type", the fracture zone presented the characteristics of "strip-shaped" and the soft interlayer presented the characteristics of "stratification fault type". Combined with the actual situation of several typical tunnels of a certain highway, the above-mentioned simulated image features were applied to actual engineering through the detection of the above-mentioned typical unfavorable geological bodies by geological radar, and the results were consistent.
Design method of combined support of prestressed bolt and cable for super large span tunnel   Collect
WANG Hao
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 83-89.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.08
Abstract ( 154 )     PDF (1945KB) ( 101 )  
In order to address the design problem of the combined support of prestressed bolts and prestressed cables in super-large span tunnels, based on the theory of the perimeter rock pressure arch, the combined effect of prestressed bolts and prestressed cables, along with the anchoring parameters, was analyzed. The support effect was evaluated in the large span transition section of Badaling Great Wall Station. It was found that the optimal arch axis of a pressure arch followed an elliptical shape, with the semi-axes were determined by the in-situ stress and the cross-sectional geometry. The axial force of the pressure arch was determined by the coincidence of the short axis direction and long axis direction of the pressure arch ellipse with the excavation section. Prestressed bolts were observed to interact with shallow surrounding rock to form pressure arches with bearing capacity, and the anchoring parameters were found to determine the shape and compressive strength of the pressure arches. Prestressed cables were utilized to fully exploit the bearing capacity of deep, stable surrounding rock, with the anchoring parameters determining their ultimate bearing capacity. The supporting effect of the combined support of prestressed bolts and prestressed cables was analyzed through the settlement of the vault. The maximum settlement of the vault was measured at 36.9 mm, indicating that the combined support system of prestressed bolts and prestressed cables effectively controls the deformation of surrounding rock.
Study on flue gas flow characteristics of sightseeing tunnels   Collect
ZHAO Xuming, LEI Wenjun, CAI Mingqing, TAI Chuanmin, ZHANG Linhua
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (1): 90-98.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.01.09
Abstract ( 116 )     PDF (7206KB) ( 21 )  
In this research,the smoke flow characteristics of a scenic sightseeing tunnel in different fire scenarios were investigated based on numerical calculation methods. It was found that the location of the fire source had a significant effect on the flame spreading speed, and the flame spread faster to the fire elevator end when the fire point was close to the entrance of the tunnel; at the early stage of spreading, the diffusion speed of the lower surface was larger than that of the upper surface. As the intensity of the fire source increased, the ignition time of the sightseeing screen was gradually shortened from 52 s to 29 s. When the intensity of the fire source increased from 0.5 MW to 1.0 MW, the ignition time was shortened by about 20 s, and the evacuation time was greatly advanced. The research also showed that when the intensity of the fire source was less than 1.0 MW, the time to reach the critical point for safe evacuation of the tunnel due to spontaneous ignition of the electrical wiring was even shorter than that due to ignition, at 92 s, which was about 20% earlier. However, the fire hazard caused by the ignition of electrical wiring was more serious when the source of ignition exceeded 1.0 MW. Although the positive-pressure air supply in the elevator vestibule suppressed the spread of smoke to some extent, the evacuation conditions at the fire elevator end were still poor, with CO concentrations of up to 920 mg/m3, which could not meet the evacuation requirements.
2024
Vol.6
No.4 
2024-12-20
pp.1-98
No.3
2024-09-20
pp.1-102
No.2
2024-06-20
pp.1-112
No.1
2024-03-20
pp.1-104
2023
Vol.5
No.4 
2023-12-20
pp.1-92
No.3
2023-09-20
pp.1-92
No.2
2023-06-20
pp.1-98
No.1
2023-03-20
pp.1-106
2022
Vol.4
No.4 
2022-12-20
pp.1-106
No.3
2022-09-20
pp.1-114
No.2
2022-06-20
pp.1-106
No.1
2022-01-20
pp.1-102
2021
Vol.3
No.4 
2021-12-20
pp.1-94
No.3
2021-09-10
pp.1-118
No.2
2021-06-20
pp.1-96
No.1
2021-03-20
pp.1-98
2020
Vol.2
No.4 
2020-12-20
pp.1-94
No.3
2020-09-20
pp.1-106
No.2
2020-06-20
pp.1-96
No.1
2020-03-20
pp.1-110
2019
Vol.1
No.4 
2019-12-20
pp.1-108
No.3
2019-09-20
pp.1-122
No.2
2019-06-20
pp.1-130
No.1
2019-01-20
pp.1-126


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Engineering performance of flowable backfill soil based on shield muck
ZENG Changnü, WANG Zizheng, CAO Shuoqian, REN Lei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2023, 5 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2023.04.01
Abstract   PDF (4242KB)  
This study aimed to enhance shield muck by incorporating foam agent and active magnesium oxide. The fluidity, bleeding rate and compressive strength of the improved soil under different foam agent and active magnesium oxide content were obtained by fluidity, bleeding rate and compressive strength test. It was showed that the improved flowable backfill soil exhibited excellent fluidity and solidified strength. By adjusting the content of foam agent and active magnesium oxide, the flowable backfill soil with fluidity ranging from 180 mm to 320 mm, bleeding rate below 5%, and 28-day compressive strength between 0.6 MPa and 1.2 MPa could be obtained.
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Research and application of coal mine roadway oil storage technology system
HAN Guiwu, GUO Shutai, ZHOU Rou
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
The influence of intumescent fire retardant coating on the fire resistance of assembled frame tunnel
HUANG Zheng, YE Zhangqian, ZHANG Jiawei, PENG Zimao, YAN Zhanshuo
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Rectangular pipe jacking in complex environment pretreatment and construction technology of boulder area
NIU Weiwei, HUANG Weihong, CHEN Yulin, LIU Jiankun, CHEN Xuehua
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Thermal and mechanical characteristics analysis of lined high pressure gas storage with different hole spacing
RUAN Quanquan, ZHANG Wen, ZHANG Bin, WANG Qikuan, WANG Hanxun, SHI Guansheng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
A review of several issues for compressed gas energy storage in lined rock cavern
WANG Zhechao, LI Jiaxiang, HAO Xuejiang, LI Minghui, ZHANG Wu, LIU Jie
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
A review on thermal environment evolution and evacuation safety fire of metro tunnel
LI Yanfeng, SU Zhihe
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Current situation and prospect of fire emergency technology research in highway tunnel
Guo Zhiguo, LI Yixin, Zhou Linjian, Zhang Yiheng, Ye Yuji
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
The influence of blasting vibration of extended cavern on the stability of operating cavern
WANG Jingkui, PENG Jianyu, WANG Zhechao, LI Kanglin
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Basic concepts, design principles, and methods of compressed air energy storage underground caverns
SUN Guanhua, ZHU Kaiyuan, JI Wendong, YI Qi, GENG Xuan, YU Xianyang
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 14-23.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.02
Abstract   PDF (7725KB)  
This research summarized the basic concepts of compressed air energy storage(CAES)underground caverns from an engineering perspective, analyzed the basic structure of caverns and the main load characteristics of caverns during operation. On this basis, the basic design concept of flexible sealing structure was put forward, and the reliability design method was suggested to be adopted in the construction of underground caverns, which also provided the guidance and design principles, operation, and maintenance of CAES underground caverns.
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Basic concepts, design principles, and methods of compressed air energy storage underground caverns
SUN Guanhua, ZHU Kaiyuan, JI Wendong, YI Qi, GENG Xuan, YU Xianyang
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 14-23.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.02
Abstract   PDF (7725KB)  
This research summarized the basic concepts of compressed air energy storage(CAES)underground caverns from an engineering perspective, analyzed the basic structure of caverns and the main load characteristics of caverns during operation. On this basis, the basic design concept of flexible sealing structure was put forward, and the reliability design method was suggested to be adopted in the construction of underground caverns, which also provided the guidance and design principles, operation, and maintenance of CAES underground caverns.
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Analysis and utilization of groundwater level monitoring data of underground water-sealed caverns
ZHANG Yihu, LIU Qian, GAO Ximin, DING Changdong, LUO Rong, HU Wei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 24-35.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.03
Abstract   PDF (11272KB)  
Based on groundwater level data of 35 monitoring boreholes from 2015 to 2020 obtained from a large-scale underground water-sealed cavern project, the characteristics and causes of the changes in the groundwater level were systematically analyzed. Taking the construction progress of each cavern unit and geological structure information obtained from previous survey into account, those monitoring data revealed the influence of underground cavern excavation and artificial water curtain system on groundwater level, and the possible risk areas of low water pressure. According to the corresponding relationship between the temporal changes of groundwater level and construction progress, the monitoring boreholes could be divided into three types: water level maintains relatively stable,water level declines when adjacent tunnels were excavated; water level declines far after the adjacent tunnels were excavated. Combined with the spatial distribution of boreholes and the construction progress of underground caverns, it could be found that the groundwater level in the overall study area declined after the excavation of the underground caverns. However, benefited by the artificial water curtain, groundwater level in most area maintained higher than the safe water level(-25 m). Affected by faults F2, F3 and joint fracture zones L4, L8, local groundwater level in the southwest was still far below the safe water level(-25 m)at the end of monitoring, and it indicated a risk of insufficient water sealing. It indicated that the dynamics of the groundwater level in the study area was closely related to the construction progress and quality of the underground caverns, and the systematic monitoring of the groundwater level and timely analysis and feedback were essential. It is urgent to compile a specification for the underground water monitoring of the water-sealed cavern to promote more systematic monitoring of groundwater and improve the construction efficiency of the project.
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A review of several issues for compressed gas energy storage in lined rock cavern
WANG Zhechao, LI Jiaxiang, HAO Xuejiang, LI Minghui, ZHANG Wu, LIU Jie
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.01
Abstract   PDF (6838KB)  
The development history, cavern composition and role of underground compressed gas energy storage technology were systematically introduced, and the development status of underground lined cavern technology was discussed. This paper systematically analyzed the research progress of three key problems of underground lined caverns, namely ultimate storage pressure, thermodynamic effects in the process of gas injection and production, and sealing performance of cavern lining, summarized the existing research results, pointed out its limitations, and put forward suggestions for the future research direction of underground lined caverns.
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The influence of blasting vibration of extended cavern on the stability of operating cavern
WANG Jingkui, PENG Jianyu, WANG Zhechao, LI Kanglin
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 36-44.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.04
Abstract   PDF (9553KB)  
In order to ensure the stability of the existing operation cavern, the blasting vibration analysis of the drilling and blasting excavation of the adjacent expansion cavern was carried out to clarify its influence on the stability of the existing operation cavern. Based on a domestic underground water-sealed cavern project, ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to establish a three-dimensional numerical calculation model to carry out blasting vibration simulation, and its impact on the operating cavern was evaluated by peak vibration velocity and effective stress. The results showed that the vibration velocity of the monitoring point in the main cavern 1 was 0.1-0.8 cm/s, and the vibration velocity of the monitoring point in the main cavern 2 was 0.045-0.350 cm/s, and the maximum peak velocity appeared in the direction that was consistent with the propagation direction of the wave. The maximum single-stage explosive quantity affected the peak vibration velocity(combined velocity)and effective stress. The more the explosive quantity, the higher the vibration velocity and effective stress, peak vibration velocity could be increased by up to 200%. Under the condition that the maximum single-stage explosive quantity was less than 65 kg, the effective stress and the combined velocity at the nearest distance from the explosion source were less than the values specified in the safety regulations. The blasting construction of the expansion cavern had little impact on the operating cavern and had no potential safety hazard. Combined with the on-site blasting vibration monitoring data, the correctness of the simulation results was verified.
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Research on deep geothermal energy exploitation and storage system
WANG Jiacheng, ZHAO Zhihong, CHEN Jinfan, HE Jie, ZHOU Luming, TAN Xianfeng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 84-93.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.09
Abstract   PDF (13769KB)  
To study the performance of system combining common development and energy storage of deep geothermal energy under sustainable development conditions, seven evaluation criteria were defined. Thermal breakthrough time, water level and vertical displacement were used to assess the sustainable development of deep geothermal energy, and total recoverable energy, stored energy, energy gain coefficient and energy recovery efficiency were used to assess the operating performance of proposed system. Based on the well system which consists of two production wells and one injection well in Juancheng geothermal field, the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes subject to seasonal exploitation and storage were demonstrated and the rationality and applicability of proposed evaluation criteria were validated, using the integrated geothermal reservoir model. The results showed that recoverable heat energy could increase about 360% by adding artificial thermal storage into common geothermal reservoir development, and the proposed system could meet the sustainable development demands of thermal breakthrough time, water level and vertical displacement. It is strongly recommended to add energy storage into the future geothermal reservoir development system, which promotes the development and utilization of urban deep geothermal energy on a larger scale and with higher quality.
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Analysis of key technology of oil storage in coal mine roadway
HAN Guiwu, GUO Shutai, ZHOU Rui
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 54-63.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.06
Abstract   PDF (2607KB)  
In order to deeply understand the design principle and key technology of coal mine roadway oil storage and reconstruction project, the key technologies and engineering applications of coal mine roadway storage and reconstruction engineering were summarized through literature review and specific oil storage engineering cases.The site selection of the abandoned mine for oil storage should ensure that the crust of the mining area was stable, the geological structure was simple, the surrounding rock of the roadway was hard rock or relatively hard rock, the surrounding rock of the roadway was complete or relatively complete, the surrounding rock was weak in permeability and had a stable groundwater level. When the permeability of the surrounding rock of coal mine roadway was relatively discrete, and the water pressure of the surrounding rock was greater than the sum of oil and air pressure in the reservoir, it is necessary to reduce the permeability of the rock mass and carry out reconstruction by hydrodynamic containment method to realize the encapsulation of the roadway of the reservoir and control the leakage of oil products.When calculating the oil storage capacity of the coal mine roadway, it is necessary to consider the geological conditions of the roadway, the water curtain system, the corrective coefficient of the space occupied by the pump pit, the water bedding layer, and the blocking section of the oil storage reservoir, and also the oil supply volume transported from the nearby ports and wharves, so as to finalize the scale of the construction of the oil storage reservoir of coal mine roadway.
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Numerical simulation of seepage field of underground water-realed oil depot in an island
PENG Yi, ZHANG Wen, WANG Hanxun, ZHANG Bin, SUN Zhe
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 94-104.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.10
Abstract   PDF (12446KB)  
Based on the theory of Darcy's law and solute transport, this paper took a groundwater-sealed oil depot project on a certain island as the engineering support and conducted numerical simulation research using COMSOL finite element software to analyze the variations in seepage field in caverns under different design schemes. The water-sealed safety of the cavern was evaluated. The development degree of seawater intrusion in the reservoir area was explored. The research indicated that the project required the installation of a horizontal water curtain, and the design pressure value of the horizontal water curtain should not be less than 0.2 MPa. The variation in the depth of the main cavern had a small impact on the water seal, and the recommended buried depth was -45 m. When the main carvern was fully excavated without oil storage, seawater would intrude into the caverns, with seawater intrusion showing a pattern of rapid intrusion followed by gradual intrusion, entering from the bottom of the main cavern.
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Stability evaluation and faults influence analysis of water-sealed caverns during construction
FU Changbo, HONG Chenghua, WANG Zhechao, WANG Pengyu, LI Wei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 45-53.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.05
Abstract   PDF (7858KB)  
The stability of surrounding rock within an underground water-sealed cavern project was investigated to examine the stability of surrounding rock under the intersection of multiple faults and underground caverns. The Hoek-Brown modified rock mass physical-mechanical parameters were utilized, and the Mohr-Coulomb model in the FLAC3D software was employed as a constitutive model. The results showed that the sidewall displacement of the main chamber gradually increased with the progress of the excavation stage. After the entire section was completely excavated, the lateral displacement of the primary cavern's sidewall generally surpassed that of both its vault and bottom plate. Stress concentration and plastic deformation were observed in the sidewalls of most caverns, as well as in the top sections of select caverns. In caverns adjacent to, but not intersecting with faults, unstable rock mass areas were formed between the cavern and the fault, where the rock mass tended to slide into the cavern, resulting in significant displacement. In caverns directly intersecting with faults, the unstable rock mass areas disappeared and a similar displacement pattern was observed as that without faults. Stress release in the surrounding rock was induced by the fault and significant plastic deformation of adjacent rock near the cavern was resulted. In the construction process of an underground water-sealed cavern, the position of the direct fault crossing needs to be monitored, and attention should be paid to its anterior and posterior positions.
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Thermal and mechanical characteristics analysis of lined high pressure gas storage with different cavern spacing
RUAN Quanquan, ZHANG Wen, ZHANG Bin, WANG Qikuan, WANG Hanxun, SHI Guangsheng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 73-83.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.08
Abstract   PDF (15429KB)  
The research background was the construction of large-scale lined cavern gas storage for a deep anhydrite ore body in Anhui province, the thermal-mechanical coupling analysis method based on ABAQUS finite element software was used, established numerical model under the gravity stress field, the deep cavity multi cycle under different cavern spacing was apart from the temperature, the gas extraction in the process of filling the key stratum structure deformation, stress distribution and the change process.The distribution law of surrounding rock plastic zone and the change process of surface deformation under different cavern spacing were investigated.The results showed that the temperature of the main structural layers was not affected by increasing the cavern spacing.When the cavern spacing was less than 2 times the hole diameter, changing the cavern spacing had obvious effects on the stress and deformation of key structural layers, surface displacement, tensile stress distribution and size of concrete lining, and plastic zone distribution of surrounding rock, and the interaction between gas storage was more significant.When the cavern spacing increased to 2 times the cavern diameter, the interaction between gas storage was no longer obvious, and the increase of cavern spacing had no obvious effect on the stability of gas storage.
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Curtain grouting test and seepage control effect analysis of underground water-sealed oil storage
DING Changdong, ZHANG Yihu, LI Ling, LUO Rong, FAN Lei, DING Xiang, CAO Lei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 64-72.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.07
Abstract   PDF (9334KB)  
Based on the background of an underground water-sealed cavern, curtain grouting technology was introduced to seal the cavern due to the water seepage caused by the development of water-conducting structure in the engineering area. The influence of curtain grouting on the permeability of rock mass and its seepage control effect in the cavern project were studied by means of field tests and numerical simulation. The results showed that during the implementation of curtain grouting in sequence, after Ⅰ-holes grouting, the permeability of the rock mass at the Ⅱ-holes was weakened, and the hydraulic conductivity before grouting and unit ash consumption had a better law of decreasing in sequence. When the permeability of the rock mass was large, it had good groutability and large ash consumption, the hydraulic conductivity and unit ash consumption decreased obviously during grouting in Ⅱ-holes, and the permeability reduction effect of grouting was also more significant. The hydraulic conductivity of Ⅰ-holes in curtain grouting was related to the burial depth of the grouting hole section. Outside the scope of blasting influence, grouting pressure should be increased appropriately to increase ash consumption, and better grouting results may be achieved. The seepage field analysis revealed that the anti-seepage curtain had a positive effect on reducing the permeability of the water-conducting structure within the grouting range, which could partially cut off the seepage of the natural groundwater along the main water-conducting structures into the cavern, and then played a role in controlling the overall water inflow in the cavern to a certain extent.
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