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Progress and prospect of experimental research on the mechanism of rockburst prevention and control by drilling pressure relief
The paper reviewed the experimental research progress of prefabricated drilling and high stress real-time drilling in analyzing the mechanism of drilling pressure relief(DPR)for preventing rockburst disasters from the perspectives of macroscopic(mechanical behavior characteristics, failure characteristics, energy evolution)and microscopic(crack evolution), a. . .
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2023 Vol. 5 (2): 1-23    DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2023.02.01
 
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  20 June 2025, Volume 7 Issue 2 Previous Issue   
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researchs
Application of the steel pipe pile arch cover method in large-span underground metro stations in weak and fragmented rock strata   Collect
WANG Lichuan, HE Weiguo, ZHANG Junru, WU Hongbin, JIANG Xinqiang, ZHANG Huijian, WANG Wen, HUANG Linxiang
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 1-12.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.01
Abstract ( 5 )     PDF (13431KB) ( 0 )  
To address the issue that the traditional arch cover method relies on the support of hard underlying bedrock and is difficult to function in soft and broken strata, the steel pipe pile column arch cover method, which can effectively exert the efficacy of the arch cover method in soft and broken strata, was proposed based on the Jinjiang Road Station project of Guiyang Rail Transit Line S1, and its construction mechanical characteristics were studied. The research results showed that steel pipe piles were added below the arch cover foundation in the steel pipe pile column arch cover method. On the one hand, the steel pipe piles served as the foundation of the arch cover to improve its bearing capacity; on the other hand, when the lower half section of the station was excavated, they played the role of “advanced support”, constrained the deformation of the sidewall rock mass, and ensured the overall stability of the main structure. Compared with the traditional arch cover method, the steel pipe pile column arch cover method could effectively reduce stratum settlement, and the steel pipe piles shared the surrounding rock pressure, thereby reducing the maximum and minimum principal stresses of the initial support structure system. During the construction of the steel pipe pile column arch cover method, the construction of the arch cover part was the key to the method. After the construction of the arch cover and the station's initial support was completed, the maximum structural stress was located in the junction area between the sidewall and the inverted arch, which was the focus of attention during construction. The steel pipe pile column arch cover method, which uses a support system combining four pilot tunnel double-sidewall drift excavation, steel-reinforced concrete arch cover, and steel pipe pile columns, was successfully applied in the Jinjiang Road Station of Guiyang Rail Transit Line S1. Relying on the efficient coordination of the divided pilot tunnel construction mode, special trolley mold casting, and synchronous pouring technology, the construction period was shortened by approximately 10 months compared with the traditional arch cover method, the operation efficiency was significantly improved, and the impact on urban traffic was reduced.
Simulation study on the forward problem of jet grouting pipe reinforcement based on DC resistivity method   Collect
DENG Xifei, SHEN Zhijun, WANG Tao, JIANG Shenghua, YANG Jie, LI Hongbo
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 13-20.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.02
Abstract ( 4 )     PDF (9975KB) ( 1 )  
The feasibility of resistivity tomography for monitoring jet grouting pipe was investigated through forward simulation of the DC resistivity method. A three-dimensional solid model of jet-grouted pile reinforcement was established by using COMSOL Multiphysics software, and forward simulation analyses were carried out on different excitation modes, electrode parameters, aquifer parameters, and construction processes. It was demonstrated that the opposite-side excitation mode exhibited a stronger forward response peak. The electrode-to-pile distance and aquifer depth significantly affected electrical signals. During the construction process, the changes in the voltage signal were very pronounced in both the drilling and grouting stages, the grouting process had a more pronounced effect. These conclusions verified the feasibility of DC resistivity for real-time jet-grouting monitoring, systematically analyzed influencing factors, provided a theoretical basis for construction monitoring, and promoted the application of this technology in engineering practice.
Study on interaction mechanism and disturbance effect of multi disc cutter cutting concrete pile foundation   Collect
SHEN Xiang, ZHANG Haibin, DUAN Kai, ZENG Qingcheng, HUANG Shuhua
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 21-30.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.03
Abstract ( 4 )     PDF (14177KB) ( 1 )  
In order to investigate the interaction mechanism between a shield machine and concrete pile foundations during cutting, the cutting-pile project at the Zhonghe Building group on the East Line of the Haizhu Bay Highway Tunnel was selected as the case study. Based on on-site exploration data, a finite-element model was employed to simulate the process of cutting a single pile with the disc cutter. The cutting forces on the disc cutter and the dynamic responses of both the soil and the pile were analyzed in detail. The simulation results showed that the pile's displacement response during the penetration phase was significantly greater than during the cutting phase, with the responses during penetration being concentrated mainly in the y and z directions. Moreover, the mean normal force acting on the disc cutter was higher in the penetration phase than in the cutting phase; when the strength contrast between adjacent media was large, the cutter force exhibited a pronounced discontinuity at their interface, thereby increasing the possibility of fatigue damage. The responses of the pile, the surrounding soil, and the cutter were thus characterized throughout the cutting process, and the findings were expected to provide valuable guidance for reducing safety risks in similar shield tunneling projects.
Study on the effect of makeup air supplementation on fire smoke control in subway tunnel   Collect
LEI Wenjun, GUO Lili, ZHAO Xuming, TAI Chuanmin, QI Yue
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 31-41.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.04
Abstract ( 3 )     PDF (9745KB) ( 0 )  
To address the issues of excessive air volume and insufficient targeting effectiveness in traditional subway tunnel make-up air systems, a novel composite ventilation method was proposed. This approach integrated side-supply in the breathing zone with bottom-supply ventilation based on occupant evacuation behavior patterns, with the objective of investigating its effectiveness in controlling smoke dispersion in evacuation passages. A physical model of a metro tunnel section was constructed using numerical simulation. Comparative analysis was conducted on the distribution patterns of CO mass concentration, temperature, and visibility in evacuation pathways under four distinct ventilation conditions: natural air replenishment, breathing-zone lateral air supply, bottom air supply, and combined ventilation modes.The study found that natural make-up air had the worst effect on controlling fire smoke in the evacuation channel, with visibility, CO mass concentration, and temperature all failing to meet personnel evacuation requirements.Breathing zone side-feeding make-up air could control the CO mass concentration in the evacuation channel below 62 mg/m3, but the mixing of make-up air and smoke caused the average temperature in the evacuation channel to reach 227 ℃, which did not satisfy the requirements for safe personnel evacuation. For bottom make-up air, the average temperature in the evacuation channel exceeded 300 ℃, and the average CO mass concentration was 100 mg/m3, both higher than the safety parameters required for personnel evacuation. When the combined make-up air of breathing zone side-feeding and bottom-feeding was applied, with the air volume ratio of side-feeding to bottom-feeding being 6∶1 and the corresponding wind speeds being 1.8 m/s and 0.3 m/s respectively, the CO mass concentration in the evacuation channel was 34.6 mg/m3, the temperature was 59.2 ℃, and the visibility was 18.6 m—all meeting the standards for safe personnel evacuation. The combined make-up air method of side-feeding in the breathing zone and bottom-feeding can effectively control fire smoke in metro tunnel evacuation channels, providing a theoretical basis for precise make-up air design in underground spaces aimed at ensuring personnel safety.
Mechanism of splitting failure and stability analysis of the loosening zone in deep surrounding rock   Collect
GUO Wei, CHEN Haoxiang, LI Jie, XU Tianhan, LI Chao, JI Yuguo
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 42-50.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.05
Abstract ( 4 )     PDF (3044KB) ( 0 )  
The deformation control mechanisms in underground caverns were investigated through systematic analysis of splitting phenomena within the surrounding rock's loosened zone. An elastic-brittle-plastic constitutive model was developed to formulate stress and deformation field expressions, enabling the derivation of a quantitative characterization for loosened zone dimensions. Stress relaxation mechanisms at rock mass discontinuities were analyzed, leading to systematic characterization of deformation and splitting processes within the loosened zone. Clear logical relationships between shear failure and splitting failure mechanisms were established, with a stress criterion for splitting failure in the loosened zone being proposed. Critical external load conditions were identified for four typical failure modes: shear failure, shear fragmentation, slab fracturing, and splitting in the maximum support pressure zone. Key findings revealed that radial unloading induced localized tensile stress fields in surrounding rock. Plastic shear deformation was confirmed as a prerequisite for internal rock mass splitting failure. A positive correlation was observed between modulus differences during loading-unloading cycles and splitting susceptibility. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the occurrence threshold for shear fragmentation significantly exceeded that of splitting failure, suggesting limited practical occurrence of shear fragmentation in engineering applications. These findings provide theoretical foundations for predicting and controlling surrounding rock stability in underground excavation projects.
Inverse wavefield transform method for opposing coils transient electromagnetic data and its application in ahead prospecting in the lead-zinc mine at Huize   Collect
LI Lianran, REN Zhouhong, WANG Bin, ZHANG Quan, HUANG Hao, LIU Jijin, XU Haoyu, GUO Qian
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 51-63.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.06
Abstract ( 5 )     PDF (18845KB) ( 2 )  
In the Huize lead-zinc mine, the surrounding rocks are mainly weakly karstified carbonate rocks. Structures such as fault fracture zones, joints, fissures, and karsts in the mining area were relatively developed,which provided sufficient space and channels for the enrichment and migration of groundwater. The water inrush during the tunneling and mining processes was characterized by high water pressure and large flow. Therefore, advanced detection of water-bearing structures was urgently required. In response to the above problems, the equivalent anti-flux transient electromagnetic method was selected, combined with geological and drilling data to carry out advanced detection work at the 1 104 m and 924 m levels in the mining area. Based on the obtained resistivity profiles, an adaptive wavefield inverse transformation method was proposed to transform the equivalent anti-flux transient electromagnetic data into a pseudo-wavefield sensitive to electrical interfaces, enabling qualitative characterization of the strata's electrical structure.Prior to underground detection, sounding comparison tests and air attenuation tests were conducted to evaluate the maximum detection depth and signal attenuation in air. By using a transmission fundamental frequency of 2.5 Hz, ideal detection results were achieved in the mining area, demonstrating the effectiveness and reliability of the equivalent anti-flux transient electromagnetic method and the wavefield inverse transformation.
Experimental study on mechanical properties of tunnel isolation material composed of polyurethane matrix and fine aggregate   Collect
WANG Shaofeng, CAO Xiangpeng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 64-72.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.07
Abstract ( 3 )     PDF (12144KB) ( 0 )  
To investigate the mechanical properties of polyurethane cement mortar(PCM), a series of tests were conducted to evaluate its compressive strength, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and hysteresis characteristics. The results demonstrated that PCM with a polyurethane-to-cement ratio of 1∶2 and a cement content of 40% exhibited higher compressive strength, tensile strength, and elastic modulus, along with a reduction in elongation at break. Meanwhile, in order to verify its elastic recovery performance, the material was subjected to loading, unloading, and reloading at a strain amplitude of 0.55. The experimental results revealed that PCM displayed favorable hysteresis characteristics. Finally, the failure mechanism of PCM was examined through microscopic analysis.
Study on tunnel segment uplift under the coupled effect of grout time-dependent properties and segmental friction   Collect
GUO Jianguang, WANG Xing, DONG Changchang, XUE Yongbin, WANG Shuangqing, ZHAO Hongshuo, WANG Han, WANG Wenhu
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 73-80.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.08
Abstract ( 2 )     PDF (6771KB) ( 0 )  
In order to systematically analyze the influence of grout time-dependency on tunnel segment buoyancy, a numerical model considering grout solidification time-dependency and inter-segment-ring friction was established using FLAC3D software. Comparative analysis with field-measured data jointly revealed the dynamic evolution characteristics and influencing mechanisms of segment buoyancy during tunnel excavation. The comparison demonstrated that the model accurately reflected the characteristic where segment buoyancy reached its maximum value near 10 m behind the shield tail and gradually stabilized, with the variation curve divisible into rapid growth, gentle growth, and stabilization phases. Parameter analysis and sensitivity analysis indicated that average grouting pressure most significantly affected cumulative buoyancy. When average grouting pressure increased from 0.3 MPa to 0.6 MPa, buoyancy increased by 42% with the highest sensitivity coefficient. Increasing depth-diameter ratio from 1.0 to 4.0 reduced buoyancy by 35% with secondary sensitivity, while increasing equivalent layer bulk modulus from 1.8 MPa to 3.6 MPa decreased buoyancy reduction to merely 11% with lower sensitivity. The research results provide data support for refined prediction and control of segment buoyancy in tunnel construction.
Triaxial compression behavior of sandstone under temperature influence: loading characteristics, shear deformation, and development of prediction software   Collect
ZHONG Hao, CAI Xianqing, SUN Hao, KONG Qingxuan, ZHANG Yongping
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 81-95.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.09
Abstract ( 4 )     PDF (11898KB) ( 0 )  
This study conducted triaxial compression tests on sandstone under temperatures of 20-150 ℃ and confining pressures of 5-35 MPa and systematically revealed the coupled effects of temperature and confining pressure on the loading characteristics, shear deformation, and failure modes of sandstone. The results showed that in the low-temperature range(20-60 ℃), sandstone predominantly exhibits brittle failure, with the shear deformation band angle significantly decreasing as confining pressure increases(64.7°→58.3°). In the high-temperature range(≥120 ℃), plastic yielding characteristics were intensified, and at 150 ℃, the increase in confining pressure(5-35 MPa)resulted in a 15.3° reduction in the shear angle. The failure mode transitions from tensile failure under low confining pressure to shear failure under high confining pressure, with elevated temperatures increasing the roughness of failure surfaces. Compared to the Mogi-Coulomb, Drucker-Prager, and Tresca criteria, the modified Lade criterion was found to demonstrate optimal fitting performance(R2≥0.97)by incorporating deviatoric stress invariants and the Lode angle parameter. Based on this criterion, a prediction model for shear deformation band angles was developed. The developed multi-temperature discrete prediction software, integrated with PyCharm and Gradio, achieved high-precision predictions within 0.8 seconds(absolute error: 2.5°, R2=0.92). The output parameters were designed to be embedded into finite element platforms, providing theoretical and practical tools for stability assessments of high-stress tunnels and deep rock mass engineering.
Reliability analysis of surrounding rocks stability of underground water-sealed caverns   Collect
WEI Songyuan, MA Jingyi, PENG Zhenhua, LIU Jianli, LI Wei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering. 2025, 7 (2): 96-104.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2025.02.10
Abstract ( 2 )     PDF (13658KB) ( 0 )  
In order to evaluate the stability of an underground water-sealed cavern in Southern China, the cohesion, internal friction angle and elastic modulus were regarded as random variables, and a reliability analysis under the surrounding rock displacement failure mode was conducted. Considering the complexity of the overall structure of the project, multiple numerical simulations were performed using FLAC3D, and the performance function was fitted with the response surface method. The reliability index and failure probability were calculated using the FORM(first-order reliability method)method, and the influence of parameter correlations on the reliability analysis results was analyzed. The results showed that: significant surrounding rock displacements occurred at the intersections between caverns and the P2 fracture zone, between construction tunnels and main caverns, and between shafts and operation tunnels; Although the cavern surrounding rock exhibited good integrity, the post-excavation reliability index was 1.096(failure probability: 13.66%), which failed to meet general engineering requirements, necessitating timely support measures; The correlation between cohesion and internal friction angle showed no significant effect on the displacement-based reliability analysis results.
2025
Vol.7
No.1 
2025-03-20
pp.1-98
2024
Vol.6
No.4 
2024-12-20
pp.1-98
No.3
2024-09-20
pp.1-102
No.2
2024-06-20
pp.1-112
No.1
2024-03-20
pp.1-104
2023
Vol.5
No.4 
2023-12-20
pp.1-92
No.3
2023-09-20
pp.1-92
No.2
2023-06-20
pp.1-98
No.1
2023-03-20
pp.1-106
2022
Vol.4
No.4 
2022-12-20
pp.1-106
No.3
2022-09-20
pp.1-114
No.2
2022-06-20
pp.1-106
No.1
2022-01-20
pp.1-102
2021
Vol.3
No.4 
2021-12-20
pp.1-94
No.3
2021-09-10
pp.1-118
No.2
2021-06-20
pp.1-96
No.1
2021-03-20
pp.1-98
2020
Vol.2
No.4 
2020-12-20
pp.1-94
No.3
2020-09-20
pp.1-106
No.2
2020-06-20
pp.1-96
No.1
2020-03-20
pp.1-110
2019
Vol.1
No.4 
2019-12-20
pp.1-108
No.3
2019-09-20
pp.1-122
No.2
2019-06-20
pp.1-130
No.1
2019-01-20
pp.1-126


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Engineering performance of flowable backfill soil based on shield muck
ZENG Changnü, WANG Zizheng, CAO Shuoqian, REN Lei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2023, 5 (4): 1-8.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2023.04.01
Abstract   PDF (4242KB)  
This study aimed to enhance shield muck by incorporating foam agent and active magnesium oxide. The fluidity, bleeding rate and compressive strength of the improved soil under different foam agent and active magnesium oxide content were obtained by fluidity, bleeding rate and compressive strength test. It was showed that the improved flowable backfill soil exhibited excellent fluidity and solidified strength. By adjusting the content of foam agent and active magnesium oxide, the flowable backfill soil with fluidity ranging from 180 mm to 320 mm, bleeding rate below 5%, and 28-day compressive strength between 0.6 MPa and 1.2 MPa could be obtained.
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Research and application of coal mine roadway oil storage technology system
HAN Guiwu, GUO Shutai, ZHOU Rou
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
The influence of intumescent fire retardant coating on the fire resistance of assembled frame tunnel
HUANG Zheng, YE Zhangqian, ZHANG Jiawei, PENG Zimao, YAN Zhanshuo
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Rectangular pipe jacking in complex environment pretreatment and construction technology of boulder area
NIU Weiwei, HUANG Weihong, CHEN Yulin, LIU Jiankun, CHEN Xuehua
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Thermal and mechanical characteristics analysis of lined high pressure gas storage with different hole spacing
RUAN Quanquan, ZHANG Wen, ZHANG Bin, WANG Qikuan, WANG Hanxun, SHI Guansheng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
A review of several issues for compressed gas energy storage in lined rock cavern
WANG Zhechao, LI Jiaxiang, HAO Xuejiang, LI Minghui, ZHANG Wu, LIU Jie
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
A review on thermal environment evolution and evacuation safety fire of metro tunnel
LI Yanfeng, SU Zhihe
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Current situation and prospect of fire emergency technology research in highway tunnel
Guo Zhiguo, LI Yixin, Zhou Linjian, Zhang Yiheng, Ye Yuji
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
The influence of blasting vibration of extended cavern on the stability of operating cavern
WANG Jingkui, PENG Jianyu, WANG Zhechao, LI Kanglin
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering   
Basic concepts, design principles, and methods of compressed air energy storage underground caverns
SUN Guanhua, ZHU Kaiyuan, JI Wendong, YI Qi, GENG Xuan, YU Xianyang
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 14-23.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.02
Abstract   PDF (7725KB)  
This research summarized the basic concepts of compressed air energy storage(CAES)underground caverns from an engineering perspective, analyzed the basic structure of caverns and the main load characteristics of caverns during operation. On this basis, the basic design concept of flexible sealing structure was put forward, and the reliability design method was suggested to be adopted in the construction of underground caverns, which also provided the guidance and design principles, operation, and maintenance of CAES underground caverns.
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Basic concepts, design principles, and methods of compressed air energy storage underground caverns
SUN Guanhua, ZHU Kaiyuan, JI Wendong, YI Qi, GENG Xuan, YU Xianyang
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 14-23.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.02
Abstract   PDF (7725KB)  
This research summarized the basic concepts of compressed air energy storage(CAES)underground caverns from an engineering perspective, analyzed the basic structure of caverns and the main load characteristics of caverns during operation. On this basis, the basic design concept of flexible sealing structure was put forward, and the reliability design method was suggested to be adopted in the construction of underground caverns, which also provided the guidance and design principles, operation, and maintenance of CAES underground caverns.
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Analysis and utilization of groundwater level monitoring data of underground water-sealed caverns
ZHANG Yihu, LIU Qian, GAO Ximin, DING Changdong, LUO Rong, HU Wei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 24-35.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.03
Abstract   PDF (11272KB)  
Based on groundwater level data of 35 monitoring boreholes from 2015 to 2020 obtained from a large-scale underground water-sealed cavern project, the characteristics and causes of the changes in the groundwater level were systematically analyzed. Taking the construction progress of each cavern unit and geological structure information obtained from previous survey into account, those monitoring data revealed the influence of underground cavern excavation and artificial water curtain system on groundwater level, and the possible risk areas of low water pressure. According to the corresponding relationship between the temporal changes of groundwater level and construction progress, the monitoring boreholes could be divided into three types: water level maintains relatively stable,water level declines when adjacent tunnels were excavated; water level declines far after the adjacent tunnels were excavated. Combined with the spatial distribution of boreholes and the construction progress of underground caverns, it could be found that the groundwater level in the overall study area declined after the excavation of the underground caverns. However, benefited by the artificial water curtain, groundwater level in most area maintained higher than the safe water level(-25 m). Affected by faults F2, F3 and joint fracture zones L4, L8, local groundwater level in the southwest was still far below the safe water level(-25 m)at the end of monitoring, and it indicated a risk of insufficient water sealing. It indicated that the dynamics of the groundwater level in the study area was closely related to the construction progress and quality of the underground caverns, and the systematic monitoring of the groundwater level and timely analysis and feedback were essential. It is urgent to compile a specification for the underground water monitoring of the water-sealed cavern to promote more systematic monitoring of groundwater and improve the construction efficiency of the project.
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A review of several issues for compressed gas energy storage in lined rock cavern
WANG Zhechao, LI Jiaxiang, HAO Xuejiang, LI Minghui, ZHANG Wu, LIU Jie
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 1-13.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.01
Abstract   PDF (6838KB)  
The development history, cavern composition and role of underground compressed gas energy storage technology were systematically introduced, and the development status of underground lined cavern technology was discussed. This paper systematically analyzed the research progress of three key problems of underground lined caverns, namely ultimate storage pressure, thermodynamic effects in the process of gas injection and production, and sealing performance of cavern lining, summarized the existing research results, pointed out its limitations, and put forward suggestions for the future research direction of underground lined caverns.
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The influence of blasting vibration of extended cavern on the stability of operating cavern
WANG Jingkui, PENG Jianyu, WANG Zhechao, LI Kanglin
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 36-44.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.04
Abstract   PDF (9553KB)  
In order to ensure the stability of the existing operation cavern, the blasting vibration analysis of the drilling and blasting excavation of the adjacent expansion cavern was carried out to clarify its influence on the stability of the existing operation cavern. Based on a domestic underground water-sealed cavern project, ANSYS/LS-DYNA was used to establish a three-dimensional numerical calculation model to carry out blasting vibration simulation, and its impact on the operating cavern was evaluated by peak vibration velocity and effective stress. The results showed that the vibration velocity of the monitoring point in the main cavern 1 was 0.1-0.8 cm/s, and the vibration velocity of the monitoring point in the main cavern 2 was 0.045-0.350 cm/s, and the maximum peak velocity appeared in the direction that was consistent with the propagation direction of the wave. The maximum single-stage explosive quantity affected the peak vibration velocity(combined velocity)and effective stress. The more the explosive quantity, the higher the vibration velocity and effective stress, peak vibration velocity could be increased by up to 200%. Under the condition that the maximum single-stage explosive quantity was less than 65 kg, the effective stress and the combined velocity at the nearest distance from the explosion source were less than the values specified in the safety regulations. The blasting construction of the expansion cavern had little impact on the operating cavern and had no potential safety hazard. Combined with the on-site blasting vibration monitoring data, the correctness of the simulation results was verified.
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Research on deep geothermal energy exploitation and storage system
WANG Jiacheng, ZHAO Zhihong, CHEN Jinfan, HE Jie, ZHOU Luming, TAN Xianfeng
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 84-93.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.09
Abstract   PDF (13769KB)  
To study the performance of system combining common development and energy storage of deep geothermal energy under sustainable development conditions, seven evaluation criteria were defined. Thermal breakthrough time, water level and vertical displacement were used to assess the sustainable development of deep geothermal energy, and total recoverable energy, stored energy, energy gain coefficient and energy recovery efficiency were used to assess the operating performance of proposed system. Based on the well system which consists of two production wells and one injection well in Juancheng geothermal field, the coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes subject to seasonal exploitation and storage were demonstrated and the rationality and applicability of proposed evaluation criteria were validated, using the integrated geothermal reservoir model. The results showed that recoverable heat energy could increase about 360% by adding artificial thermal storage into common geothermal reservoir development, and the proposed system could meet the sustainable development demands of thermal breakthrough time, water level and vertical displacement. It is strongly recommended to add energy storage into the future geothermal reservoir development system, which promotes the development and utilization of urban deep geothermal energy on a larger scale and with higher quality.
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Analysis of key technology of oil storage in coal mine roadway
HAN Guiwu, GUO Shutai, ZHOU Rui
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 54-63.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.06
Abstract   PDF (2607KB)  
In order to deeply understand the design principle and key technology of coal mine roadway oil storage and reconstruction project, the key technologies and engineering applications of coal mine roadway storage and reconstruction engineering were summarized through literature review and specific oil storage engineering cases.The site selection of the abandoned mine for oil storage should ensure that the crust of the mining area was stable, the geological structure was simple, the surrounding rock of the roadway was hard rock or relatively hard rock, the surrounding rock of the roadway was complete or relatively complete, the surrounding rock was weak in permeability and had a stable groundwater level. When the permeability of the surrounding rock of coal mine roadway was relatively discrete, and the water pressure of the surrounding rock was greater than the sum of oil and air pressure in the reservoir, it is necessary to reduce the permeability of the rock mass and carry out reconstruction by hydrodynamic containment method to realize the encapsulation of the roadway of the reservoir and control the leakage of oil products.When calculating the oil storage capacity of the coal mine roadway, it is necessary to consider the geological conditions of the roadway, the water curtain system, the corrective coefficient of the space occupied by the pump pit, the water bedding layer, and the blocking section of the oil storage reservoir, and also the oil supply volume transported from the nearby ports and wharves, so as to finalize the scale of the construction of the oil storage reservoir of coal mine roadway.
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Numerical simulation of seepage field of underground water-realed oil depot in an island
PENG Yi, ZHANG Wen, WANG Hanxun, ZHANG Bin, SUN Zhe
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 94-104.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.10
Abstract   PDF (12446KB)  
Based on the theory of Darcy's law and solute transport, this paper took a groundwater-sealed oil depot project on a certain island as the engineering support and conducted numerical simulation research using COMSOL finite element software to analyze the variations in seepage field in caverns under different design schemes. The water-sealed safety of the cavern was evaluated. The development degree of seawater intrusion in the reservoir area was explored. The research indicated that the project required the installation of a horizontal water curtain, and the design pressure value of the horizontal water curtain should not be less than 0.2 MPa. The variation in the depth of the main cavern had a small impact on the water seal, and the recommended buried depth was -45 m. When the main carvern was fully excavated without oil storage, seawater would intrude into the caverns, with seawater intrusion showing a pattern of rapid intrusion followed by gradual intrusion, entering from the bottom of the main cavern.
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Curtain grouting test and seepage control effect analysis of underground water-sealed oil storage
DING Changdong, ZHANG Yihu, LI Ling, LUO Rong, FAN Lei, DING Xiang, CAO Lei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 64-72.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.07
Abstract   PDF (9334KB)  
Based on the background of an underground water-sealed cavern, curtain grouting technology was introduced to seal the cavern due to the water seepage caused by the development of water-conducting structure in the engineering area. The influence of curtain grouting on the permeability of rock mass and its seepage control effect in the cavern project were studied by means of field tests and numerical simulation. The results showed that during the implementation of curtain grouting in sequence, after Ⅰ-holes grouting, the permeability of the rock mass at the Ⅱ-holes was weakened, and the hydraulic conductivity before grouting and unit ash consumption had a better law of decreasing in sequence. When the permeability of the rock mass was large, it had good groutability and large ash consumption, the hydraulic conductivity and unit ash consumption decreased obviously during grouting in Ⅱ-holes, and the permeability reduction effect of grouting was also more significant. The hydraulic conductivity of Ⅰ-holes in curtain grouting was related to the burial depth of the grouting hole section. Outside the scope of blasting influence, grouting pressure should be increased appropriately to increase ash consumption, and better grouting results may be achieved. The seepage field analysis revealed that the anti-seepage curtain had a positive effect on reducing the permeability of the water-conducting structure within the grouting range, which could partially cut off the seepage of the natural groundwater along the main water-conducting structures into the cavern, and then played a role in controlling the overall water inflow in the cavern to a certain extent.
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Inducement and prevention technology of secondary disasters of water and mud inrush in tunnel
HAO Junsuo, LIU Junfeng, LIU Hao, ZHAO Mingfan
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2023, 5 (4): 81-92.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2023.04.09
Abstract   PDF (3198KB)  
In order to explore the main influencing factors and control methods of secondary disasters of water and mud inrush in underground engineering, the prevention and control technology of secondary disasters of water and mud inrush was proposed by summarizing relevant cases since 2010 and the disaster-inducing environment and factors were summarized. Taking the secondary water and mud inrush of Shizishan Tunnel crossing FⅢ-71 fault in central Yunnan as an example, the causes of disasters in this geological section were explored, and the evolution process of secondary disasters was divided into three stages: gestation stage, latent stage and induction stage. The methods of improving the state of the external environment, blocking the evolution path of the disaster and increasing the bearing capacity of the anti-outburst layer were put forward to prevent the recurrence of water outburst and mud outburst, which provided experience guidance for the treatment of the secondary disaster of water outburst and mud outburst.
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Stability evaluation and faults influence analysis of water-sealed caverns during construction
FU Changbo, HONG Chenghua, WANG Zhechao, WANG Pengyu, LI Wei
Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering    2024, 6 (1): 45-53.   DOI: 10.19952/j.cnki.2096-5052.2024.01.05
Abstract   PDF (7858KB)  
The stability of surrounding rock within an underground water-sealed cavern project was investigated to examine the stability of surrounding rock under the intersection of multiple faults and underground caverns. The Hoek-Brown modified rock mass physical-mechanical parameters were utilized, and the Mohr-Coulomb model in the FLAC3D software was employed as a constitutive model. The results showed that the sidewall displacement of the main chamber gradually increased with the progress of the excavation stage. After the entire section was completely excavated, the lateral displacement of the primary cavern's sidewall generally surpassed that of both its vault and bottom plate. Stress concentration and plastic deformation were observed in the sidewalls of most caverns, as well as in the top sections of select caverns. In caverns adjacent to, but not intersecting with faults, unstable rock mass areas were formed between the cavern and the fault, where the rock mass tended to slide into the cavern, resulting in significant displacement. In caverns directly intersecting with faults, the unstable rock mass areas disappeared and a similar displacement pattern was observed as that without faults. Stress release in the surrounding rock was induced by the fault and significant plastic deformation of adjacent rock near the cavern was resulted. In the construction process of an underground water-sealed cavern, the position of the direct fault crossing needs to be monitored, and attention should be paid to its anterior and posterior positions.
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