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隧道与地下工程灾害防治
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短延时与底部装药对直眼掏槽爆破岩体损伤的影响研究
周子龙,王培宇*,吴圣刚,蔡鑫,陈翠刚,袁纪锋
(中南大学资源与安全工程学院,湖南 长沙 410083)
Influence of short delay time and bottom charge on blast-induced damage of rock mass in parallel cutting blasting
ZHOU Zilong, WANG Peiyu*, WU Shenggang, CAI Xin, CHEN Cuigang, YUAN Jifeng
(School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China)
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摘要 为改善掏槽爆破孔底岩体破裂效果,建立直眼掏槽爆破三维数值模型,定量分析了延期时间与孔底装药结构对直眼掏槽爆破岩体损伤面积和分布特征的影响。结果表明,在小直径空孔直眼掏槽爆破过程中,随着到自由面距离的增加,岩体损伤范围和爆生裂纹分形维数呈现非线性减小的变化趋势,槽腔底部岩体破裂效果较差。短延时起爆能改善槽腔中下部区域岩体破裂效果,底部岩体损伤面积和分形维数随延期时间由0 ms增加至3 ms呈先升后减趋势,1 ms时效果最佳。延长空孔深度并在超深段设置底部装药可进一步提升槽腔底部岩体破裂程度。在此基础上开展现场试验,结果显示巷道爆破掘进效果显著提升,平均炮孔利用率提高9.1%。
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周子龙
王培宇
吴圣刚
蔡鑫
陈翠刚
袁纪锋
关键词:  掏槽爆破  短延时  底部装药  岩体损伤    
Abstract: To enhance rock fracture at the bottom of the cut cavity, a three-dimensional finite element model of parallel cutting blasting with small-diameter empty holes was developed. The effects of delay time and bottom charge on rock damage area and distribution characteristics during parallel cutting blasting were quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that in parallel cutting blasting with small-diameter empty holes,both the rock damage range and the fractal dimension of blast-induced fractures decreased nonlinearly with increasing distance from the free surface, resulting in poor fracturing effect at the cavity bottom. Short delay initiation was found to enhance rock fracturing at the middle and bottom parts of the rock cavity, with the damage area and fractal dimension of rock at bottom first increased and then decreased as the delay time increased from 0 ms to 3 ms, reaching optimal performance at 1 ms. The empty hole depth was extended and a bottom charge was added in the overd-rilled section of the empty holes to further intensify fracturing at the cavity bottom. On this basis, field tests were conducted, and a significant improvement in drift excavation performance was demonstrated, with the average borehole utilization rate increasing by 9.1%.
Key words:  cutting blasting    short delay time    bottom charge    rock damage
收稿日期:  2025-03-20      修回日期:  2025-05-16      发布日期:  2025-06-18     
中图分类号:  TD235  
基金资助: 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(52334003)
通讯作者:  王培宇(1999—),男,甘肃张掖人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩体爆破开挖机制与技术研究。    E-mail:  245501011@csu.edu.cn
作者简介:  周子龙(1979—),男,河南南阳人,教授,博士生导师,博士,主要研究方向为岩体爆破开挖机制与技术研究。E-mail:zlzhou@csu.edu.cn
引用本文:    
周子龙, 王培宇, 吴圣刚, 蔡鑫, 陈翠刚, 袁纪锋. 短延时与底部装药对直眼掏槽爆破岩体损伤的影响研究[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, .
ZHOU Zilong, WANG Peiyu, WU Shenggang, CAI Xin, CHEN Cuigang, YUAN Jifeng. Influence of short delay time and bottom charge on blast-induced damage of rock mass in parallel cutting blasting. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 0, (): 1-20.
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