西南某长大深埋隧道岩爆时空分布规律及破坏特征

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摘要针对西南地区某深埋长大隧道施工过程中岩爆的时空分布规律及破坏特征开展系统研究。通过构建包含时空信息、破坏特征、支护条件与地质条件的岩爆案例信息表，对于钻爆法施工期间发生的61个岩爆案例进行统计分析。研究结果表明，岩爆的高发时段主要集中在隧道开挖后1.5 h内，其空间分布主要集中在掌子面及其后方0～3 m范围内的无支护区域。按破坏机制分类，应变-结构面滑移型岩爆和应变型岩爆占主导地位，分别占56%和36%。轻微岩爆占85%，为主要岩爆等级。相比之下，断裂型岩爆和时滞型岩爆的发生频率较低，但破坏强度极高。沿隧道轴线方向，岩爆发生频率总体呈降低趋势，其中浅埋沟谷的下坡地段发生频率及规模明显增加。岩爆在隧道断面上呈非对称分布，破坏主要集中于拱顶及左侧区域。研究结果揭示了岩爆时空分布规律及破坏特征，可为深埋隧道岩爆预测与防控提供科学认识和数据支撑。

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关键词: 深埋隧道岩爆特征现场调查时空分布高地应力

Abstract: The spatiotemporal distribution and failure characteristics of rockbursts encountered during the construction of a deep tunnel in Southwest China were systematically investigated. A comprehensive database integrating spatiotemporal information, failure characteristics, support conditions and geological conditions was established, and 61 rockburst cases recorded during drilling and blasting excavation were statistically analyzed. The results indicated that rockbursts were predominantly observed within 1.5 hours after tunnel excavation, with their spatial distribution mainly concentrated in unsupported sections within 0–3 m behind the tunnel face. According to the failure mechanism, strain-structure-slip rockbursts and strain rockbursts were found to be dominant, accounting for 56% and 36% of all cases, respectively. Slight rockbursts were observed in 85% of the cases. In contrast, fault-slip and time-delay rockbursts, though infrequent, were characterized by extremely high destructive intensity. Along the tunnel axis, the frequency of rockbursts was found to exhibit an overall decreasing trend, with pronounced increases in both frequency and scale observed in downhill segments beneath shallow-buried valleys. On the tunnel cross-section, rockbursts were shown to exhibit an asymmetric distribution, with damage primarily concentrated in the crown and the left-side areas. The spatiotemporal distribution and failure characteristics of rockbursts were elucidated in this study. The findings are expected to provide scientific insights and data support for the prediction and prevention of rockbursts in deep-buried tunnels.

Key words: deep-buried tunnel rockburst characteristics field investigation spatiotemporal distribution high in-situ stress

收稿日期: 2026-04-20 修回日期: 2026-08-03 发布日期: 2026-09-08

中图分类号:	U43
	U45

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金青年资助项目A类 (52525808)

通讯作者: 何本国（1984—），男，安徽庐江人，教授，博士生导师，博士，主要研究方向为岩土工程。 E-mail: hebenguo@mail.neu.edu.cn

作者简介: 段汝健（1968—），男，云南大理人，高级工程师，主要研究方向为水利水电工程。E-mail：14jduanrujian@fcbmail.net

引用本文:

段汝健, 孟祥瑞, 周毫, 余灿, 何本国, 杨凯. 西南某长大深埋隧道岩爆时空分布规律及破坏特征[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, .
Duan Rujian, Meng Xiangrui, Zhou Hao, Yu Can, He Benguo, Yang Kai. Spatiotemporal distribution and failure characteristics of rockburst in a long deep-buried tunnel in Southwest China. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 0, (): 1-12.

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