Abstract: The stability of geotechnical structures such as slopes and tunnels is often quantified by safety factors. There are three standards for defining factor of safety: the ratio between resistance and driving forces; strength reduction factor and load increasing factor. Aiming at the commonly used strength reduction and load increasing factors, a novel upper bound limit analysis method based on topology optimization theory: discontinuity layout optimization(DLO)was used to study the obtained values considering different conditions. The target functions were proposed considering strength reduction and load increasing. Several numerical examples were tested, indicating the efficiency and reliability of DLO method. Meanwhile, the differences between the factors of safety of strength reduction and load increasing depend on the value itself and friction angle.
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2021, Vol. 3 
