Abstract: To address severe overbreak and excessive rock mass damage induced by blasting excavation at tunnel arch foot regions, a comprehensive investigation was conducted using the arch-cover method employed in Qingdao Metro Line 6 station as the engineering case study. Numerical simulations were integrated with field experiments to optimize blast hole layout and charging parameters for arch foot excavation. The propagation and coalescence mechanisms of blast-induced fractures in the arch foot rock mass were systematically examined, along with detailed characterization of damage characteristics. A novel nested long-short hole arrangement technique was subsequently developed. The results indicated that the implementation of long-short hole blasting generated dense, interconnected fracture networks around the blast holes, which effectively facilitated the formation of the excavation contour. Compared to conventional perimeter hole arrangements, a significant reduction in damage zones was observed on both the free surface side and the deep surrounding rock side, with maximum decreases of 19.4% and 29.2%, respectively. Upon application of the optimized arch foot blasting parameters, a smooth excavation profile was achieved, characterized by minimized overbreak and eliminated underbreak. Furthermore, the maximum overbreak value was reduced by 59.4% compared to pre-optimized blasting, leading to substantial improvements in both blasting efficiency and excavation quality.
王浩赟,张万志,张恒,孙岩峰,袁铭占. 拱盖法隧道拱脚爆破围岩破坏特征与参数优化[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2025, 7(3): 105-114.
WANG Haoyun, ZHANG Wanzhi, ZHANG Heng, SUN Yanfeng, YUAN Mingzhan. Failure characteristics of surrounding rock and parameter optimization for tunnel arch foot blasting using arch cover method. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2025, 7(3): 105-114.
[1] 李卫, 张庆松, 杨为民, 等. 大跨硬岩地铁车站拱盖法开挖力学机制及适用性分析[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2019, 27(4): 831-842. LI Wei, ZHANG Qingsong, YANG Weimin, et al. Arch-cover excavation mechanism and application analysis of large-span and hard rock metro station[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2019, 27(4): 831-842. [2] 王庆瀚, 张恒臻, 李克先. 大跨暗挖车站无柱中板结构内力分析及施工技术[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2020, 2(4): 83-90. WANG Qinghan, ZHANG Hengzhen, LI Kexian. Internal force analysis and construction technology of non-column structure of large-span underground excavation station[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2(4): 83-90. [3] ZHANG W Z, MEI J, SUN K G, et al. Fine controlled blasting of subsurface excavation for subway stations in soft—hard mixed-medium rock mass[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2025, 158: 106407. [4] 赵晨阳, 雷明锋, 施成华. 大跨地铁车站爆破施工优化设计研究[J]. 现代隧道技术, 2020, 57(增刊1): 747-755. ZHAO Chenyang, LEI Mingfeng, SHI Chenghua. Study on the optimization design of blasting construction for large span metro station[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2020, 57(Suppl.1): 747-755. [5] 陈文尹. 分区组合爆破在硬岩暗挖地铁车站中的应用[J]. 工程爆破, 2017, 23(1): 85-88. CHEN Wenyin. Partition combination blasting applied in hard rock underground excavation in metro station[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2017, 23(1): 85-88. [6] 徐帮树, 杜念伟, 王帅帅, 等. 马蹄形隧道拱脚周边孔爆破围岩的损伤特征[J/OL]. 爆炸与冲击, 2024-12-27. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1148.O3.20241227.1000.025 XU Bangshu, DU Nianwei, WANG Shuaishuai, et al. Blasting damage characteristics of surrounding rock around the arch foot of horseshoe tunnel[J/OL]. Explosion and Shock Waves, 2024-12-27. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/51.1148.O3.20241227.1000.025 [7] 余绍山, 王薇, 李姚伟奇. 周边眼偏位空孔爆破设计优化研究与应用[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2024, 21(4): 1509-1520. YU Shaoshan, WANG Wei, LI Yaoweiqi. Research and application of offset hole for peripheral blasting design and optimization[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2024, 21(4): 1509-1520. [8] 张波. 大断面隧道台阶法爆破开挖围岩损伤特征研究[J]. 爆破, 2023, 40(1): 69-76. ZHANG Bo. Damage characteristics of surrounding rock for large-section tunnel excavated by bench blasting[J]. Blasting, 2023, 40(1): 69-76. [9] 马乐, 张万志, 刘成龙, 等. Ⅲ级硬岩隧道全断面光面爆破试验研究[J]. 爆破, 2023, 40(3): 46-51. MA Le, ZHANG Wanzhi, LIU Chenglong, et al. Experimental study on full face smooth blasting of tunnel in class Ⅲ hard rock[J]. Blasting, 2023, 40(3): 46-51. [10] 张运良, 孙宁新, 毛雨, 等. 软弱夹层对隧道光面爆破效果影响机理研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报, 2020, 17(1): 148-158. ZHANG Yunliang, SUN Ningxin, MAO Yu, et al. Study on the influence mechanism of weak interlayer on tunnel smooth blasting effect[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering, 2020, 17(1): 148-158. [11] 江珊, 孟海利, 郭云龙. 周边孔外插角对隧道光面爆破效果的影响[J]. 铁道建筑, 2024, 64(2): 102-106. JIANG Shan, MENG Haili, GUO Yunlong. The influence of peripheral holes external insertion angle on the smooth blasting effect of tunnels[J]. Railway Engineering, 2024, 64(2): 102-106. [12] 张建国, 杨文, 汪海波, 等. 层理面与炮孔夹角对隧道光面爆破效果的影响[J]. 工程爆破, 2025, 31(1): 24-33. ZHANG Jianguo, YANG Wen, WANG Haibo, et al. The influence of angle between the bedding plane and borehole on smooth blasting effect of tunnels[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2025, 31(1): 24-33. [13] 张凯, 陶铁军, 田兴朝, 等. 节理岩体隧道爆破周边孔分区布设方法与应用研究[J]. 爆破, 2024, 41(4): 107-115. ZHANG Kai, TAO Tiejun, TIAN Xingchao, et al. Research on zoning layout method and application of contour holes for blasting of jointed rock mass tunnel[J]. Blasting, 2024, 41(4): 107-115. [14] 郭伟平, 马帅, 陈跃进, 等. 周边孔外插角对隧道爆破超挖的影响:以巴岳山隧道工程为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2024, 24(25): 10731-10738. GUO Weiping, MA Shuai, CHEN Yuejin, et al. Influence of surrounding hole angle on tunnel blasting overbreak: taking the Banyue Mountain Tunnel Project as an example[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(25): 10731-10738. [15] 赵高峰, 殷超凡, 扈晓冬, 等. 岩石隧道光面爆破的自动化布孔设计[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2020, 2(3): 48-57. ZHAO Gaofeng, YIN Chaofan, HU Xiaodong, et al. Automatic design of blast-hole pattern for smooth blasting of rock tunnel[J]. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2(3): 48-57. [16] 康永全, 孟海利, 郭云龙,等. 隧道周边孔差异化爆破作用机理及试验研究[J]. 铁道建筑, 2022, 62(7): 114-117. KANG Yongquan, MENG Haili, GUO Yunlong, et al. Mechanism and experiment research of tunnel peripheral hole differential blasting[J]. Railway Engineering, 2022, 62(7): 114-117. [17] 李传贵, 于礼杰, 王冠, 等. 钻爆法隧道上台阶爆破炮孔装药量精细计算方法[J]. 工程爆破, 2024, 30(4): 73-78. LI Chuangui, YU Lijie, WANG Guan, et al. Precise calculation method of explosive charge mass in stepped blasting holes on tunnel by drilling and blasting method[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2024, 30(4): 73-78. [18] 李小刚, 周先齐, 杨杭澎, 等. 大跨度小净距隧道中夹岩爆破振动控制与损伤判别[J]. 隧道建设(中英文), 2022, 42(3): 406-413. LI Xiaogang, ZHOU Xianqi, YANG Hangpeng, et al. Blasting vibration control and damage determination of interlaid rock in a tunnel with large spans and short distances[J]. Tunnel Construction, 2022, 42(3): 406-413. [19] HOLMQUIST T J, JOHNSON G R. A computational constitutive model for glass subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high pressures[J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2011, 78(5): 051003. [20] ZHANG H, LI T C, WU S, et al. A study of innovative cut blasting for rock roadway excavation based on numerical simulation and field tests[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2022, 119: 104233. [21] 方秦, 孔祥振, 吴昊, 等. 岩石Holmquist-Johnson-Cook模型参数的确定方法[J]. 工程力学, 2014, 31(3): 197-204. FANG Qin, KONG Xiangzhen, WU Hao, et al. Deter-mination of holmquist-Johnson-Cook constitutive model parameters of rock[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2014, 31(3): 197-204. [22] 李廷春, 张浩, 张治高, 等. 综采工作面过大落差断层深孔预裂爆破技术[J]. 煤炭学报, 2019, 44(1): 199-209. LI Tingchun, ZHANG Hao, ZHANG Zhigao, et al.Deep hole pre-splitting blasting technology when fully mechanized coal mining face passes through high drop fault[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(1): 199-209. [23] 秦桂芳, 曾灿, 徐间锋, 等. 基于HJC损伤本构模型的灰岩隧道光面爆破数值模拟及工程验证[J]. 爆破器材, 2022, 51(6): 45-51. QIN Guifang, ZENG Can, XU Jianfeng, et al. Numerical simulation and engineering verification of smooth blasting in limestone tunnel based on HJC damage constitutive model[J]. Explosive Materials, 2022, 51(6): 45-51.
2025, Vol. 7 
