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| Study on seepage evolution law and water hazard control of tunnels in fracture zones with high confined water in river valleys |
| YU Wenjie1,2, YANG Jian3, LI Zhensong3, QI Jiling1, CAO Ruilang1,2*
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1. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;
2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100048, China;
3. China Water the Pearl River Planning, Survey and Design Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510610, Guangdong, China |
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Abstract To address the water hazard risks faced by deep-buried tunnels crossing high confined water fault zones in river valleys, the regional engineering hydrogeological characteristics were systematically analyzed, the evolution law of the seepage field was revealed, surface directional drilling grouting was proposed and applied as a water hazard control measure, and its application effect was evaluated. The results showed that an obvious groundwater drawdown funnel was formed after tunnel excavation in high-pressure water-rich areas. Highly permeable fault zones altered seepage paths and led to groundwater convergence, while low-permeability surrounding rock blocked water flow and created local high-head zones, exposing the tunnel construction to both water inrush and high external water pressure. Surface directional drilling grouting with a total length of 748 m was applied to the high confined water fault zone, increasing the thickness of the pre-grouted ring to more than 11.9 m. The tunnel seepage discharge decreased from 7.0 m3/(d·m)to 1.1 m3/(d·m), and the external water pressure was reduced by 90.0%. Directional drilling grouting effectively sealed hydraulic channels, improved the integrity of surrounding rock, reduced rock permeability, and mitigated water hazard risks such as tunnel water inrush and high water pressure.
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Published: 07 July 2026
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