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| Simulation method of grouting diffusion in fracture network based on level set method |
| Du Ma1，Chen Yang1，Ma Hongsu2,3，Zhao Zhihong1*
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（1.Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
2.Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology，Beijing 100029，China;
3.CAEA Innovation Center for Geological Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste, Beijing 100029, China)
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Abstract To address the deficiencies of traditional methods in simulating complex networks, a simulation method for grout diffusion in fractured rock masses applicable to engineering scales was developed. Based on the level set function, this method was coupled with fluid governing equations and the Bingham rheological model incorporating time-varying characteristics, thereby achieving precise simulation of the grout-water displacement process in fracture networks. After validation through indoor regular fracture network experiments, the method was applied to field grouting tests in the Beishan Underground Laboratory using a two-dimensional simplified and localized simulation strategy. The results indicated that the relative errors between simulated and measured values for the permeability and cement consumption of each grouting hole were both less than 15%. Furthermore, through three-dimensional refined modeling, a complex mixed distribution phenomenon of grout and water evolving over time at fracture intersections was revealed, providing a physical explanation for macroscopic diffusion behavior. This study deepened the understanding of multi-scale diffusion behavior of non-Newtonian fluids in fracture networks and provided a theoretical basis for deep rock mass grouting design.
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Received: 08 April 2026
Published: 07 August 2026
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