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| Analysis of settlement deformation during twin large-diameter tunnel construction |
| Zhao Shichao1,2，Wang Jianhong1,3*，Wang Chao1,4，Lu Jialin1，Du Changyan1,4
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(1.Shandong University,Jinan 250002,Shandong, China；
2.Jinan City Construction Group,Jinan 250014, Shandong,China；
3.Waseda University, Tokyo 1698555, Japan；
4.China Railway 14th Bureau Group Mega Shield Construction Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 211899,Jiangsu，China )
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Abstract To investigate the construction settlement issue of a twin-tube, large-diameter slurry shield tunnel crossing beneath a railway embankment, and to explore the settlement and deformation patterns of the railway during the shield undercrossing process, relevant research was conducted based on the Northern Extension Project of the Jiluo Road Crossing the Yellow River Tunnel in Jinan. In terms of research methods, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and field monitoring were comprehensively utilized. The stress release method was adopted for the numerical analysis, and three working conditions with stress release rates of 15%, 20%, and 25% were established and analyzed. It was shown by the results that the railway settlement was generally positively correlated with the stress release rate; however, this correlation was weakened, and an opposite trend was even locally exhibited at the center of the railway. The ground settlement was observed to gradually accumulate throughout the entire process before and after the shield crossing, and the stage with the maximum settlement variation was observed between 10 and 20 rings before and after the shield passage. Furthermore, by establishing the relationship between stratum volume loss and stress release, the settlement patterns obtained by Peck's formula and numerical simulation were compared. It was found that the settlement prediction results obtained by numerical analysis were generally greater than those obtained from actual field monitoring. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the model and analysis method adopted in this study had a certain safety margin and could provide a powerful analytical tool for the safety prediction of settlement risks during large-diameter slurry shield construction.
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Received: 20 April 2026
Published: 14 September 2026
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