Intelligent fire emergency and evacuation system of highway tunnel
RONG Xian1, ZHANG Xiaowei1, SUN Zizheng2, ZHANG Yiming1*
1. School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; 2. School of Qilu Transportation, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
Abstract: Fire is one of the main threat for tunnel safety. Because of their long and narrow shape, fire in tunnels commonly induces fast temperature rising and smoke concentrations,with the consequent loss of life and negative economic impacts. How to control tunnel fires refers to several topics such as traffic monitoring and risk evaluation,fire recognition,emergency evacuation and system control,assisting fire extinction,and updating accident database. To improve the safety and fire emergency response capacity of the tunnel,this work was presented based on the latest metadata system,machine learning strategy,fast fire recognition method,and robot equipment. We discussed the key points for building intelligent fire emergency and evacuation system of highway tunnel, and focused on the composition and function of each sub-part of the system. The proposed ideas and routines can help the designer and engineers to design the corresponding intelligent system for specific tunnels,which will improve the safety of the structure and assure the normal working performance of the tunnels.
戎贤, 张晓巍, 孙子正, 张一鸣. 公路隧道智能火灾应急与疏散体系结构[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2020, 2(3): 23-29.
RONG Xian, ZHANG Xiaowei, SUN Zizheng, ZHANG Yiming. Intelligent fire emergency and evacuation system of highway tunnel. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2(3): 23-29.
[1] 交通运输部. 2019年交通运输行业发展统计公报[R].北京:交通运输部,2020-06. [2] BROUSSE B. Comparison of fire safety problems for the various transport modes in tunnels[C] //First International Symposium on Safe and Reliable Tunnels. Prague, Czech:[s.n.] , 2004. [3] 王克拾. 基于CFD模拟分析的大断面公路隧道汽车火灾温度特性研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008. WANG Keshi. Study on temperature characteristics of vehicle fire in large section highway tunnel based on CFD simulation analysis[D].Shanghai: Tongji University, 2008. [4] 王新钢,毛朝军,叶诗茂,等. 浅谈公路隧道火灾及其结构防火保护措施[J].消防技术与产品信息,2005(3):65-67. [5] ALEX Haeter,严金秀.通风:公路隧道中的消防[J]. 隧道译丛,1989(8):43-47. [6] 杨帆.火灾事故案例库设计方法[J]. 安防科技,2010(5): 58-60. [7] 张波. 基于云模型及案例库的灭火救援辅助决策算法[J]. 消防科学与技术,2018,37(6):810-812. ZHANG Bo. Assistant decision making algorithm of firefighting and rescue based on cloud model and case database[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2018, 37(6): 810-812. [8] 胡云鹭. 基于视频的车流量及车速检测系统研究[D]. 西安:长安大学,2017. HU Yunlu. Study on the traffic flow and vehicle speed detection system based on video[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2017. [9] 钱成.车距测量方法及装置、车辆相对速度测量方法及装置:中国,CN106546257B[P].2019-09-13. [10] LACROIX D. Fire and smoke control in road tunnels[J]. Routes/Roads, 1998. [11] International Codes and Standards Organization. Standard for road tunnels, bridges, and other limited access highways: NFPA 502[S]. Quincy, USA: National Fire Protection Association, 2004. [12] U.S. Department of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration. Prevention and control of highway tunnel fires:FHWA-RD-83-032[S]. Washington, USA, 1984. [13] 闫治国,田野,朱合华,等.隧道火灾动态预警疏散救援系统及其应用[J]. 现代隧道技术,2016,53(6):31-35 YAN Zhiguo, TIAN Ye, ZHU Hehua, et al. Tunnel fire dynamic early-warning, evacuation and rescue system and its application[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2016, 53(6): 31-35. [14] 吕峰.公路特长隧道火灾检测器的应用研究[J].公路交通科技(应用技术版),2012(8): 378-379. [15] 程竞.多类型高速公路隧道火灾自动报警系统的优化与融合[J].福建交通科技,2019(4): 93-96. [16] 唐斌.视频图像火灾探测系统研究[J].中国高新科技,2020(10): 52-53. TANG Bin. Research on video image fire detection system[J].China High-Tech, 2020(10): 52-53. [17] CHIU C W, LU T, CHAO H T, et al. Performance assessment of video-based fire detection system in tunnel environment[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2014, 40: 16-21. [18] 张力文.基于视频的火灾探测系统的研究与实现[D]. 广州:华南师范大学,2015. ZHANG Liwen. Research and implementation of fire detection system based on video[D]. Guangzhou:South China Normal University, 2015. [19] 江仲庆. 基于图像识别分析探测隧道火灾的技术与创新[J]. 城市道桥与防洪, 2019(7): 239-243. JIANG Zhongqing. Technology and innovation of tunnel fire detection based on image recognition analysis[J].Urban Roads Bridges & Flood Control, 2019(7): 239-243. [20] KUME S, SISTENICH C, WAWRZYNIAK F. Experimental approach to suppress smoke diffusion in sloped road tunnels[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2020, 114: 103134. [21] CHEN H, CHEN J Z, TAN J Q, et al. Intelligent ventilation and emergency evacuation of underwater tunnel under fire conditions[J]. Procedia Engineering, 2016, 166: 379-388. [22] KRÓL A, KRÓL M. The factors determining the number of the endangered people in a case of fire in a road tunnel[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2020, 111:102942. [23] CHEN Yujen, SHU Chimin, HO Sanping, et al. Analysis of smoke movement in the Hsuehshan tunnal fire[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2019, 84:142-150. [24] ZHOU Jian, JIANG Xuepeng, CHEN Dafei.Investigation and analysis on human evacuation psychological behavior in road tunnel fire[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2014, 33:327-329. [25] 中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会. 安全色: GB2893—2008[S]. 北京:中国标准出版社,2009. [26] 李庆功, 王莹, 王悦, 等. 基于火灾数据采集的消防大数据综合应用系统构建研究[J]. 南开大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 52(5): 72-76. LI Qinggong, WANG Ying, WANG Yue, et al. Research on the construction of fire big data integrated application system based on fire data collection[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Nankaiensis, 2019, 52(5): 72-76. [27] 张晶,李心广.基于人工智能技术的火灾探测信息融合系统[J].工业仪表与自动化装置,2004(4): 65-68. ZHANG Jing, LI Xinguang. A fire detection system based on intelligent data fusion technology[J].Industrial Instrumentation & Automation, 2004(4): 65-68. [28] 刘鑫, 倪照鹏, 刘庭全, 等. 数据挖掘技术在公路隧道火灾探测中的应用[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2017,36(2): 210-213. LIU Xin, NI Zhaopeng, LIU Tingquan, et al. Application of data mining technology in road tunnel fire detection[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2017, 36(2): 210-213. [29] 张大可.数据挖掘技术在火灾事故分析中的应用研究[D].北京:首都经济贸易大学,2010. ZHANG Dake. Application of data mining technology in fire accident analysis[D].Beijing:Capital University of Economics and Business, 2010. [30] 梁莹莹. 安徽德邦化工安全信息管理与应急救援系统研究[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2019. LIANG Yingying. Research on Anhui Debon chemical safety information management and emergency rescue system[D].Huainan: Anhui University of Science & Technology, 2019.
2020, Vol. 2 
