The minimum safe thickness of tunnel passing through fault fracture zone and its influencing factors
LI Pengfei1, LIU Hongxiang1, ZHAO Yong2, LIU Jianyou3, WANG Fan1
1. Key Lab of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; 2. Sichuan-Tibet Railway Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610043, Sichuan, China; 3. Railway Engineering Consulting Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100020, China
Abstract: When the tunnel crossed the fault fracture zone, it was easy to cause water and mud inrush, the minimum safe thickness of water resisting rock mass is an important guarantee to avoid water and mud inrush. The influence of fault dip angle and strike was considered, the lateral ground stress in the tunnel area adjacent to the faults was solved based on the theory of Terzaghi. The calculation model of mechanical characteristics analysis of water resisting rock mass for tunnel crossing fault was established, and the calculation formula of the minimum safe thickness of water inrush prevention was obtained. The formula was used to calculate the minimum safe thickness in Qilianshan Tunnel, and compared with the actual thickness, which proved the reliability and feasibility of the theoretical solution. The influence factors of the minimum safe thickness were analysed. The results showed that the minimum safe thickness of water inrush prevention increased with the increase of tunnel radius, water head height, fault width and fault strike angle, increased with the decrease of fault dip angle, and decreased with the increase of friction angle and cohesion in water resisting rock mass.
李鹏飞, 刘宏翔, 赵勇, 刘建友, 王帆. 隧道穿越断层破碎带防突水最小安全厚度及其影响因素[J]. 隧道与地下工程灾害防治, 2020, 2(3): 77-84.
LI Pengfei, LIU Hongxiang, ZHAO Yong, LIU Jianyou, WANG Fan. The minimum safe thickness of tunnel passing through fault fracture zone and its influencing factors. Hazard Control in Tunnelling and Underground Engineering, 2020, 2(3): 77-84.
[1] 林承华,尹术军. 盘岭公路隧道涌水突泥治理措施[J].交通科技,2014(2):108-111. LIN Chenghua, YIN Shujun. The treatment measures of water bursting and mud gushing of Panling Highway Tunnel[J]. Transportation Science & Technology, 2014(2): 108-111. [2] 李国良. 兰渝铁路特殊复杂地质隧道建设难点及对策[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(5):10-15. LI Guoliang. Construction difficulties and countermeasures for the Lanzhou-Chongqing Railway Tunnels in complicated geological conditions[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2015, 52(5): 10-15. [3] 黄鑫. 隧道突水突泥致灾系统与充填溶洞间歇型突水突泥灾变机理[D].济南:山东大学,2019. HUANG Xin. Water and mud inrush harard-causing system and disaster mechanism of intermittent type of water and mud inrush of filledKarst cave in tunnel[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2019. [4] 王建秀,杨立中,何静. 大型地下工程岩溶涌(突)水模式的水文地质分析及其工程应用[J].水文地质工程地质,2001,28(4):49-52. WANG Jianxiu, YANG Lizhong, HE Jing.The hydro-geological analysis of Karst groundwater's blow in large-scale underground engineering[J].Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2001, 28(4): 49-52. [5] 石少帅. 深长隧道充填型致灾构造渗透失稳突涌水机理与风险控制及工程应用[D].济南:山东大学,2014. SHI Shaoshuai. Study on seepage failure mechanisim and risk control of water inrush induced by filled disaster structure in deep-long tunnel and engineering applications[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2014. [6] 李术才,许振浩,黄鑫,等. 隧道突水突泥致灾构造分类、地质判识、孕灾模式与典型案例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2018,37(5):1041-1069. LI Shucai, XU Zhenhao, HUANG Xin, et al. Classification, geological identification, hazard mode and typical case studies of hazard-causing structures for water and mud inrush in tunnels[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2018, 37(5): 1041-1069. [7] 李廷春,吕连勋,段会玲,等. 深埋隧道穿越富水破碎带围岩突水机理[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2016,47(10):3469-3476. LI Tingchun, LÜ Lianxun, DUAN Huiling, et al. Water burst mechanism of deep buried tunnel passing through weak water-rich zone[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2016, 47(10): 3469-3476. [8] 王章琼,晏鄂川,王亚军.隧道穿越片岩断层破碎带塌方涌水机理及处治技术[J].施工技术,2018,47(24):5-8. WANG Zhangqiong, YAN Echuan, WANG Yajun. Mechanism and treatment technology of collapse and water inrush in fault zone schist tunnel[J]. Construction Technology, 2018, 47(24): 5-8. [9] 刘钦,李术才,李煜航,等. 龙潭隧道F2断层处涌水突泥机理及治理研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2013,9(6):1419-1426. LIU Qin, LI Shucai, LI Yuhang, et al. Study on mechanism and treatment of gushing water and burst mud at F2 fault in Longtan Tunnel[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2013, 9(6): 1419-1426. [10] 李秀茹,郭恩栋,薛帅,等. 富水破碎带岩溶隧道突水模型试验研究[J].自然灾害学报,2019,28(2):101-108. LI Xiuru, GUO Endong, XUE Shuai, et al. Model test on water burst of Karst tunnel in water-rich fracture zone[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2019, 28(2): 101-108. [11] 耿萍,何悦,曹东杰,等. 不同倾角断层对隧洞围岩稳定性影响[J].铁道建筑,2012(12):43-46. GENG Ping, HE Yue, CAO Dongjie, et al. The influence of faults with different dip angles on the stability of tunnel surrounding rock[J]. Railway Construction, 2012(12): 43-46. [12] 耿萍,权乾龙,王少锋,等. 隧道施工突水突泥形成过程及受断层倾角影响研究[J].现代隧道技术,2015,52(5):102-109. GENG Ping, QUAN Qianlong, WANG Shaofeng, et al.Study of the formation process of mud and water bursts during tunnel construction and the influence of fault dip angles[J]. Modern Tunnelling Technology, 2015, 52(5): 102-109. [13] 王德明. 泥质断层破碎带隧道突水突泥灾变机理研究及应用[D].济南:山东大学,2017. WANG Deming. Inrush of water and clay disaster mechanism and application research on politic fault fracture zone tunnel[D]. Jinan: Shandong University, 2017. [14] LIANG D X, JIANG Z Q, ZHU S Y, et al. Experimental research on water inrush in tunnel construction[J]. Natural Hazards, 2016, 81(1): 467-480. [15] YANG Xiaoli, XIAO Haibo. Safety thickness analysis of tunnel floor in Karst region based on catastrophe theory [J]. Journal of Central South University, 2016, 23:2364-2372. [16] 谭英华. 隧道富水断层破碎带突泥灾变演化机理及工程应用[D]. 济南: 山东大学,2017. TAN Yinghua. Evolutionary mechanism of mud bursting through water-inrich fault in tunnels and engineering applications[D].Jinan: Shandong University, 2017. [17] 张军伟,孟宗衡,曾艺,等. 岩溶隧道断层面突水灾害的力学机制[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2017,28(3):73-79. ZHANG Junwei, MENG Zongheng, ZENG Yi, et al. Mechanism of water burst in the tunnel near faults in Karst area[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2017, 28(3): 73-79. [18] 李术才,袁永才,李利平,等. 钻爆施工条件下岩溶隧道掌子面突水机制及最小安全厚度研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(2):313-320. LI Shucai, YUAN Yongcai, LI Liping, et al. Water inrush mechanism and minimum safe thickness of rock wall of Karst tunnel face under blast excavation[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(2): 313-320. [19] 李利平,李术才,张庆松. 岩溶地区隧道裂隙水突出力学机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):523-528. LI Liping, LI Shucai, ZHANG Qingsong. Study of mechanism of water inrush induced by hydraulic fracturing in Karst tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(2): 523-528. [20] 李术才,林鹏,许振浩,等. 基于条分法原理的充填型岩溶蓄水构造突水突泥最小安全厚度[J].岩土力学,2015,36(7):1989-1994. LI Shucai, LIN Peng, XU Zhenhao, et al. Minimum safety thickness of water and mud inrush induced by filled-type Karst water bearing structures based on theory of slice method[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2015, 36(7): 1989-1994. [21] 郭佳奇,乔春生. 岩溶隧道掌子面突水机制及岩墙安全厚度研究[J].铁道学报, 2012, 34(3): 105-111. GUO Jiaqi, QIAO Chunsheng. Study on water-inrush mechanism and safe thickness of rock wall of Karst tunnel face[J].Journal of the China Railway Society, 2012, 34(3): 105-111. [22] 孟凡树,王迎超,焦庆磊,等. 断层破碎带突水最小安全厚度的筒仓理论分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2020,52(2):89-95. MENG Fanshu, WANG Yingchao, JIAO Qinglei, et al. Analysis of the minimum safe thickness of water inrush in fault fracture zone based on the silo theory[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2020, 52(2): 89-95. [23] 王元清,吴立,谢云发,等. 富水断层带隧洞施工防突安全厚度研究[J].施工技术,2018,47(19):22-28. WANG Yuanqing, WU Li, XIE Yunfa, et al. Study on the safety thickness of preventing water-inrush when the tunnel through the rich water fault zone[J]. Construction Technology, 2018, 47(19): 22-28. [24] 刘伟韬,申建军,贾红果. 深井底板采动应力演化规律与破坏特征研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2016,33(6):1045-1051. LIU Weitao, SHEN Jianjun, JIA Hongguo. Mining-induced stress evolution law and failure characteristics of floor in deep mine[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2016, 33(6): 1045-1051. [25] 刘燕鹏. 软弱破碎隧道围岩压力拱动态特性研究[D].西安:长安大学,2013. LIU Yanpeng. Study on the dynamic pressure arching characteristics of the tunnel constructed in soft surrounding rock[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2013. [26] 余大龙,舒东利,王磊. 突水突泥隧道段落围岩压力及整治措施[J].中国铁路,2017(7):75-80. YU Dalong, SHU Dongli, WANG Lei. Pressure on surrounding rocks of water bursting and mud gushing tunnels and countermeasures[J]. China Railway, 2017(7): 75-80. [27] 郭佳奇. 岩溶隧道防突厚度及突水机制研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2011. GUO Jiaqi. Study on against-inrush thickness and waterburst mechanism of Karst tunnel[D]. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University, 2011. [28] 陈天宇. 碎屑流地层隧道区域渗流场以及发生灾变的模型试验研究[D].成都: 西南交通大学, 2013. CHEN Tianyu. Study on regional seepage field of natm tunnel and model tests of catastrophe occurance in debris flow strata[D].Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2013. [29] 于琳茗,郭永春,张志强. 隧道掘进掌子面与前方碎屑流区域安全距离的计算[J]. 铁道建筑, 2016(4): 47-50. YU Linming, GUO Yongchun, ZHANG Zhiqiang. Calculation about safe distance for tunnel driving between working face and debris flow area ahead[J]. Railway Engineering, 2016(4): 47-50.
2020, Vol. 2 
